Covariates of fertility behavior among ever-married women in West Bengal, India: Analysis of the National Family Health Survey-4

Fertility patterns in Nigeria are high and widely skewed away from the targets of the country’s population policy. As population growth is fueled by natural increase and migration, and with spatial disparities in fertility preferences among the different ethnic groups in Nigeria, this study investigates the fertility behavior of ethnic migrants in their destinations, the place-effects on such behavior, and the convergence or otherwise of the behavior with fertility behaviors in the migrants’ places of origin and destination. Explanations for the behavioral pattern are provided in the hypotheses of migrant fertility and in the sociodemographic confounders of the behavior. Study data was extracted for the three major ethnic groups in Nigeria from the Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey. Median numbers of children ever born (CEB) were 7, 6, and 4 for the Hausa-Fulani, Igbo, and Yoruba ethnic groups respectively. Relative to the destination fertility patterns, Hausa-Fulani and Yoruba migrants had lower CEB in Igboland while Igbo and Yoruba migrants recorded lower CEB in the North-West home of the Hausa-Fulani ethnic group. Whereas the Igbo migrants maintained an equal CEB with their Yoruba hosts, the Hausa-Fulani group replicated their home fertility behavior in Yorubaland. Overall, the adaptation, socialization, and selectivity hypotheses were found valid for some of the disparities in migrant fertility behavior and the influence of the sociodemographic predictors of fertility behavior varied among the different ethnic groups.

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Ethnic fertility behavior and internal migration in Nigeria: revisiting the migrant fertility hypotheses

Within local socio-ecological context, the fertility determinants of a population are mediated through complex interrelated physiological and behavioural pathways. We aimed to find out the direct and indirect determinants of fertility of sedente and migrant Oraon populations using Structural Equation Model (SEM). Bivariate analysis showed significant (p ≤ 0.05) sedente-migrant differences in socio-demographic, reproductive, contraceptive, and reproductive and sexual decision-making variables. Results of SEM showed migration status, age at first conception, contraceptive preference and reproductive and sexual decision making have direct but negative association (p ≤ 0.05), and age of the participants, under-five mortality and preference for male child have direct but positive association with fertility (p ≤ 0.05). These variables are also associated with fertility through certain mediated pathways (p ≤ 0.05) like ages at first conception with contraceptive preferences, reproductive and sexual decision-making ability (positive), under-five mortality and desired family size (negative). Educational status of the spouses showed indirect association (p ≤ 0.05) with fertility through four pathways: (i) contraceptive preferences; (ii) reproductive and sexual decision-making ability; (iii) ages at first conception (positive); and (iv) desired family size (negative). Hence, sedente and migrant participants reflected a sharp difference in the determinants of fertility owing to differential local socio-ecological attributes.

Pathways that determine the fertility of sedente and migrant Oraon populations of Eastern India: a structural equation modelling approach.

The aim of this article is to examine systematically the trends and patterns in immigration of Bengali population from East Bengal or Bangladesh (erstwhile East Pakistan) to Assam. This study established that among people from East Bengal who migrated to Assam before independence, a majority were Muslim peasants. Each of the Bengali Hindus or Muslims is not an ‘illegal immigrant’ in Assam. At the same time, we also empirically established that unabated immigration from East Pakistan or Bangladesh to Assam continued after the independence of the country.

Immigration and Bengali Population in Assam: Evidence from Direct and Indirect Demographic Estimation

The objective of this study was to describe the fertility intentions and the possibility of having a third child of participants in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region since the “three-child” policy was adopted in China and to explore factors associated with intentions to have a third child. This study was conducted among 1525 participants from five universities using a questionnaire from September to November 2021 in Guangxi, China. Data were collected on the student’s sociodemographic characteristics and fertility intentions. A descriptive analysis, chi-square test, difference test and ordered logistic regression model were used for data analysis. The ideal number of children among the participants in Guangxi was 1.89 ± 0.52, and the average number of planned children was 1.49 ± 0.88. Although the policy encouraged having a third child, fewer than a tenth (5.5%) of participants clearly intended to. More than 15% (17.6%) of participants clearly intended not to have child. Compared with female participants, male participants had more planning number of child (P value = 0.003) and were more likely to have a third child (P value = 0.000). The earlier participants get married the more likely to have a third child (P value = 0.000). Compared with urban participants, rural participants were more likely to have first and second children (P value = 0.003), but there was no significant difference in the possibility of having three children. Participants show lower fertility intentions and less likely to have third child under the “Three-child” policy. More fertility intentions’ researches and supplementary measures are urgently needed to improve fertility rates in China. 

Investigation of Participants’ Fertility Intentions under the “Three-Child” Policy in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China

Little research has been conducted on the native immigrant fertility differential in low income settings. The objective of our paper is to examine the actual and ideal fertility differential of native and immigrant families in Assam. We used the data from a primary quantitative survey carried out in 52 villages in five districts of Assam during 2014–2015. We performed bivariate analysis and used a multilevel mixed effects linear regression model to analyse the actual and ideal fertility differential by type of village. The average number of children ever born is the lowest in native villages in contrast to the highest average number of children ever born in immigrant villages. The likelihood of having more children is also the highest among women in immigrant villages. However, the effect of religion surpasses the effect of the type of village the women reside in.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/psp.2238

Utpal Chutia

Papers

Actual and ideal fertility differential among natives, immigrants, and descendants of immigrants in a northeastern state of India