Из истории собирания и изучения произведений народного искусства : сборник научных трудов

ガイドライン解説 The Task Force for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology(ESC) : Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation

Behavioral stress responses in premenopausal and postmenopausal women and the effects of estrogen

The role of angiotensin II in myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion is not clearly defined. In this respect, the involvement of NADPH oxidase remains to be determined. The aim of this study was 1) to evaluate the cardiac effects of angiotensin AT(1) receptor stimulation in non-ischaemic conditions of perfusion or during ischaemia-reperfusion, and 2) to measure the concomitant activation of NADPH oxidase in isolated rat hearts perfused with angiotensin II and/or Losartan. In non-ischaemic hearts, angiotensin II induced rapid and prolonged vasoconstrictive and negative inotropic effects. Ischaemia-reperfusion increased the mRNA expression of AT(1) and AT(2) receptors. During reperfusion, angiotensin II reduced the incidence of arrhythmias and the lactate dehydrogenase released, and increased NADPH oxidase mRNA expression and enzyme activity. Losartan co-administration totally antagonised the effects of angiotensin II. Our study demonstrates that ischaemia-reperfusion induces adaptative cardiac modifications, which allow exogenously added angiotensin II to stimulate myocardial NADPH oxidase through angiotensin AT(1) receptor activation.

P1013 Angiotensin II activates NADPH oxidase in isolated rat hearts subjected to ischaemia-reperfusion

Background: The harmful vascular effects of smoking are well established, but the effects of chronic use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) on endothelial function are less understood. We hypothesized that e-cigarette use causes changes in blood milieu that impair endothelial function. Methods: Endothelial function was measured in chronic e-cigarette users, chronic cigarette smokers, and nonusers. We measured effects of participants’ sera, or e-cigarette aerosol condensate, on NO and H2O2 release and cell permeability in cultured endothelial cells (ECs). Results: E-cigarette users and smokers had lower flow-mediated dilation (FMD) than nonusers. Sera from e-cigarette users and smokers reduced VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor)-induced NO secretion by ECs relative to nonuser sera, without significant reduction in endothelial NO synthase mRNA or protein levels. E-cigarette user sera caused increased endothelial release of H2O2, and more permeability than nonuser sera. E-cigarette users and smokers exhibited changes in circulating biomarkers of inflammation, thrombosis, and cell adhesion relative to nonusers, but with distinct profiles. E-cigarette user sera had higher concentrations of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) ligands S100A8 and HMGB1 (high mobility group box 1) than smoker and nonuser sera, and receptor for advanced glycation end product inhibition reduced permeability induced by e-cigarette user sera but did not affect NO production. Conclusions: Chronic vaping and smoking both impair FMD and cause changes in the blood that inhibit endothelial NO release. Vaping, but not smoking, causes changes in the blood that increase microvascular endothelial permeability and may have a vaping-specific effect on intracellular oxidative state. Our results suggest a role for RAGE in e-cigarette-induced changes in endothelial function.

Chronic E-Cigarette Use Impairs Endothelial Function on the Physiological and Cellular Levels

The article discusses various mechanisms of arterial hypertension (AH) development in postmenopausal women. It includes literature data on the sexual hormones, namely estrogen and progesterone deficit and androgen overproduction, influence on the blood pressure level and metabolic disorder. Special focus is on the role of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in AH pathogenesis. Separate paragraph is focused on the role autonomous nervous system dysfunction and disorders of biogenic amines metabolism in the vascular and autonomic disorders in climacteric syndrome, as well as the contribution of the humoral shifts typical for central obesity, such as hyperinsulinemia, and hyperleptinemia.

https://syst-hypertension.ru/2075-082X/article/viewFile/29104/pdf

Central and humoral mechanisms for arterial hypertension in women

Aim. To study the sex characteristics of microcirculation in healthy volunteers and in patients with degree 1 arterial hypertension (HT). Material and methods. Patients (n=71; 34 men and 37 women) with degree 1 HT participated in the study. Besides 28 normotensive men and 41 women were included. The microcirculation study was performed with LAKK-02 analyzer on the palmar surface of the third finger of the right hand. The average values of the microcirculation index, the standard deviation of perfusion fluctuations (σ), the variation coefficient of tissue blood flow (Kv) were evaluated. Results. The microcirculation index in HT men 26.64 (21.00–32.45) perfusion units (p.u.) was significantly higher than this in HT women 20.91 (16.98–24.30) p.u., p=0.031. The variability of microcirculation index was significantly higher in HT patients than this in healthy subjects. Capillary blood flow reserve in healthy women was higher than this in healthy men. Amplitude, reflexing myogenic factor of blood flow regulation was significantly lower in HT men than this in HT women: 13.37 (10.51–16.43) vs 14.69 (11.35–19.13), respectively , p=0.023. Amplitudes, reflecting respiration effects on peripheral blood flow in HT men were significantly higher than these in HT women. Amplitudes, reflecting pulse effect on the tissue perfusion in HT women were significantly higher than these in HT men. Influence of sympathetic adrenergic innervation on the blood flow was higher in healthy men than this in healthy women. Conclusion. Received data suggests the intensification of microcirculation regulation mechanisms in men with HT degree 1. It was found that sympathetic adrenergic effect on the microcirculation regulation was significantly less in healthy women than this in healthy men.

/pdf/sex-characteristics-of-the-microcirculation-in-healthy-3dnofmdr8f.pdf

Sex characteristics of the microcirculation in healthy subjects and in patients with the first degree arterial hypertension

Data on angiotensin II receptor blockers, one of the main drug classes used in cardiology , are presented. The advantages of this drugs class are highlighted with the focus on telmisartan. Additionally clinical example of successful telmisartan application in patients with hypertension, high risk of cardiovascular complications, and obesity is presented.

/pdf/telmisartan-in-the-treatment-of-arterial-hypertension-case-54vzu4n4wd.pdf

Telmisartan in the treatment of arterial hypertension. case study

Just a small part of hypertensive patients is treated effectively despite the wide variety of antihypertensive drugs. Combined antihypertensive therapy can solve the problem of influence on the various pathogenic mechanisms of hypertension. The combination of an ACE inhibitor and a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker is one of the most efficient, since both groups of drugs act as vasodilators and have therapeutic synergy in blood pressure reduction. A fixed combination of ramipril with amlodipine is an effective antihypertensive drug with a good tolerability profile. It effectively provides both blood pressure control and positive cardioprotective and nephroprotective effect.

/pdf/the-new-fixed-combination-of-amlodipine-and-ramipril-in-the-1xpki4b7jg.pdf

The new fixed combination of amlodipine and ramipril in the treatment of hypertension

UNLABELLED The role of endothelial function in the development of cardiovascular diseases has recently attracted attention of many researchers due to increasingly more data suggesting the relationship between endothelial dysfunction (ED) and disturbed cardiac rhythms including atrial fibrillation (AF). ED is known to precede lesions in target organs related to arterial hypertension (AH) which makes the study of endothelial function as an early marker of vascular lesions in AH and AF a topical issue. AIM To study changes of endothelial function in patients with AH and AF. MATERIALS AND METHODS Group 1 included 84 patients with AH (inclusion criteria: essential AH and confirmed paroxysm of AF), group 2 contained 20 patients with AH and permanent AF, control group was comprised of 30 AH patients without AF. The vasomotor function of endothelium was evaluated from reactive hyperemia determined by the ultrasonic method, blood samples for biochemical analysis and determination of Willebrand factor (WF) were taken during fasting. RESULTS Patients of group 2 showed significant changes of endothelium-dependent vasodilation of the brachial artery. Its diameter within 60 sec after decompression increased by 5.8 +/- 0.9% and 12.3 +/- 1.2% in groups 1 and 3 respectively (p < 0.05). In group 2, collagen-binding activity of WF increased significantly to 1500 +/-140 U/100 ml compared with 1060 +/- 120 and 840 +/- 110 in groups 2 and 3 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Patients with AH and persistent AF had altered endothelial function in the form of significant decrease of endothelium-dependent vasodilation of the brachial artery and increase of collagen-binding activity of WF.

V. I. Podzolkov

Papers

Central and humoral mechanisms for arterial hypertension in women

Sex characteristics of the microcirculation in healthy subjects and in patients with the first degree arterial hypertension

Telmisartan in the treatment of arterial hypertension. case study

The new fixed combination of amlodipine and ramipril in the treatment of hypertension

The altered endothelial function in patients with arterial hypertension and different forms of atrial fibrillation