The objective of the paper is to present a general mathematical formulation for matching electromechanical loads connected to a photovoltaic array An optimization method is then used to solve the matching problem with the objective of maximizing the gross mechanical energy The analysis is extended to obtain the sizing of the array and the battery in the direct-coupled system Results show that optimum matching can be achieved by carefully selecting the PV array rated parameters with respect to the load parameters The rated power of the array is twice that of the load The field constant that maximizes the gross mechanical energy can be obtained given the parameters of the load and the array temperature The separately excited motor offers higher matching performance compared to the series motor The rotodynamic load offers better matching compared to the viscous friction load

Optimum matching of direct-coupled electromechanical loads to a photovoltaic generator

The objective of the paper is to present a general mathematical formulation for matching electromechanical loads connected to a photovoltaic array. An optimization method is then used to solve the matching problem with the objective of maximizing the gross mechanical energy. The analysis is extended to obtain the sizing of the array and the battery in the direct-coupled system. Results show that optimum matching can be achieved by carefully selecting the PV array rated parameters with respect to the load parameters. The rated power of the array is twice that of the load. The field constant that maximizes the gross mechanical energy can be obtained given the parameters of the load and the array temperature. The separately excited motor offers higher matching performance compared to the series motor. The rotodynamic load offers better matching compared to the viscous friction load. >

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Optimum matching of ohmic loads to the photovoltaic array

Applications of photovoltaic systems—An economic appraisal with reference to india

The problem of the optimum matching of PV array characteristics and electrical loads is investigated with a mathematical approach using nonlinear optimization techniques. The loads are categorized and mathematically defined as ohmic loads, general linear loads, and nonlinear loads. The objective is to optimize the ratio of the load input energy to the PV generator maximum allowable energy over a one-day period and determine the optimum load parameters using nonlinear optimization techniques. The optimum battery parameters are also determined. Optimum parameters for a number of case studies are presented. A maximum power point tracker may not be needed if optimum load matching is achieved. >

A nonlinear optimization approach to the load matching of stand-alone PV power systems

This paper puts together the characteristics of the storage battery commonly used in worldwide photovoltaic applications with those of the photovoltaic generator and of the solar source The natural matching of these characteristics may be exploited in meeting the typical requirements of the user If the module is properly designed, and if due care is taken in battery installation for passive temperature control, there is no need for complex regulation or periodic adjustment, A well-designed photovoltaic module can function as both generator and controller, providing enhanced system reliability, lower system cost, and simpler operation for the user The critical design parameter, the charging voltage delivered to the battery by the module, is determined by the number of cells in the series string

V. K. Kapur

Papers

Matching the Characteristics of Batteries with Solar Cell Modules