Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) enable new applications and require non-conventional paradigms for protocol design due to several constraints. Owing to the requirement for low device complexity together with low energy consumption (i.e., long network lifetime), a proper balance between communication and signal/data processing capabilities must be found. This motivates a huge effort in research activities, standardization process, and industrial investments on this field since the last decade. This survey paper aims at reporting an overview of WSNs technologies, main applications and standards, features in WSNs design, and evolutions. In particular, some peculiar applications, such as those based on environmental monitoring, are discussed and design strategies highlighted; a case study based on a real implementation is also reported. Trends and possible evolutions are traced. Emphasis is given to the IEEE 802.15.4 technology, which enables many applications of WSNs. Some example of performance characteristics of 802.15.4-based networks are shown and discussed as a function of the size of the WSN and the data type to be exchanged among nodes.

https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/9/9/6869/pdf

An Overview on Wireless Sensor Networks Technology and Evolution

A system and method for filtering and organizing items from computer memories based on common elements. In accordance with one aspect of the invention, filters are provided for manipulating the items. The filters are essentially tools for narrowing down a set of items. In one embodiment, the filters are dynamically generated based on the properties of the separate items. The system utilizes virtual folders. The virtual folders expose regular files and folders to users in different views based on their metadata instead of the actual physical underlying file system structure on the disk. In accordance with another aspect of the invention, quick links are provided. In one embodiment, quick links are a set of predefined links (e.g., located on the left side of the display) that can be clicked on to generate useful views of the sets of items. In accordance with another aspect of the invention, libraries are provided. Libraries consist of large groups of usable types of items that can be associated together.

System and method for filtering and organizing items based on common elements

In an electronic file system, preview information is provided to the user during a drag operation of a selected object onto a target object. The information indicates what type(s) of action is to be taken should the selected object be dropped onto the target object. The action(s) to be taken may depend upon the type of the selected object and/or the type of the target object. For example, where the selected object is an item and the target object is a persisted auto-list, the action may include adding, removing, or modifying one or more properties of the selected object to conform to one or more criteria defined by the persisted auto-list. Also, numerical feedback may be provided to the user where multiple objects are selected. For example, where seven objects are selected, the textual number “7” may appear next to the cursor.

Rich drag drop user interface

Recent years have witnessed the emergence of machine-to-machine (M2M) networks as an efficient means for providing automated communications among distributed devices. Automated M2M communications can offset the overhead costs of conventional operations, thus promoting their wider adoption in fixed and mobile platforms equipped with embedded processors and sensors/actuators. In this paper, we survey M2M technologies for applications such as healthcare, energy management and entertainment. In particular, we examine the typical architectures of home M2M networks and discuss the performance tradeoffs in existing designs. Our investigation covers quality of service, energy efficiency and security issues. Moreover, we review existing home networking projects to better understand the real-world applicability of these systems. This survey contributes to better understanding of the challenges in existing M2M networks and further shed new light on future research directions.

A Survey of Recent Developments in Home M2M Networks

Computer system navigation tools provide “links” to various different files, lists, folders, and/or other storage elements and allow users to organize files, e.g., by hierarchical properties, lists, auto lists, folders, and the like. Such systems and methods allow users to assign properties to a file (optionally in a hierarchical manner), to change assigned properties, to search, view, and retrieve information based on the assigned properties, and the like.

Systems, methods, and user interfaces for storing, searching, navigating, and retrieving electronic information

Wireless Sensor Networks represent a new generation of real-time embedded systems with significantly different communication constraints from the traditional networked systems. This paper first discusses about the hardware platforms and secondly about the software platform. Then detailed information about networking and applications of the Wireless Sensor Networks is outlined. Lastly, this paper provides the future application of the wireless sensor networks for the laboratory mice.

An overview of Wireless Sensor Network and applications

Today, many computer users in business and industry are adopting Macintosh computers as a primary multimedia tool because of its superior video, images, and sound. Although many cross-platform file types are currently available, connection type depends mainly on network purpose, and media types are sufficiently diverse that uninformed users can encounter serious problems. This paper presents a simple network solution that will enable home users and small or large businesses to share files, printer, and Internet service seamlessly.

Multimedia file sharing in multimedia home or office business networks

Network survivability ensuring service continuity at an affordable cost is of great interest to telecommunication system vendors, service providers and end users. This paper discusses several survivability techniques used in optical networks. Many of the protection techniques used in today's telecommunication networks were developed for use in SONET and SDH networks (non-WDM networks). This paper explores these techniques in detail. Following this, the basic techniques for survivability in WDM networks are discussed.

Survivability in optical networks

Application messaging makes natural communications architecture possible because it integrates heterogeneous systems without sacrificing flexibility. Without application messaging middleware, application integration is not an easy task. It eliminates uncertainty in system development, conversion and maintenance. Application messaging enables programs to talk to each other across a network of unlike components-processors, operating systems, subsystems, and communication protocols using a simple and consistent application programming interface. Application messaging is the backbone for heterogeneous as well as distributed application integration. Intelligent application messaging is the process of achieving slick message flow though systems without swarming the message path.

Mechanisms for building intelligent messaging

It is very easy to forget how far last mile transport technology has come along; we get used to new things very quickly. Just yesterday we were all dialing in on 14.4 kbps modems and today do not seem too impressed with standard DSL or cable modem rates. We are always hungry for more bandwidth as computer power grows, and the new best thing coming seems to be BPON. The paper reflects on some of the most popular last mile technologies from the past all the way to the future; it also reflects the idea of never abandoning the older technologies as they have molded the new ones. The paper first gives a short overview of older services like DDS, ISDN and dialup. It then reflects today's transport, various versions of DSL and, finally, looks into the future of last mile transport, xPON.

V. Rajaravivarma

Papers

An overview of Wireless Sensor Network and applications

Multimedia file sharing in multimedia home or office business networks

Survivability in optical networks

Mechanisms for building intelligent messaging

Dream of tomorrows' broadband multimedia pipeline