This present bibliography paper includes the journal and conference papers published on FACTS during the year 2005 which were not available at the time of preparation of the bibliography on flexible AC transmission systems for the year 2004-2005, published in three papers in the Proceedings of 2006 IEEE PES General Meeting. The year 2006 papers as available until October 2006 are included.

Bibliography of FACTS: 2005-2006 Part II IEEE Working Group Report

This article proposes a remedial action scheme (RAS) based on thyristor-controlled series capacitors (TCSCs) to cope with false data injection (FDI) cyberattacks leading to tie-line congestions in transmission systems. To develop such a RAS, a three-level framework is designed. The first level of the framework is associated with the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">planning</i> phase, where strategic locations of TCSCs are determined. The second level, which is related to the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">operation</i> phase, challenges the upgraded system via FDI attacks, resulting in tie-line congestions. This necessitates the third level of the framework, where system operator takes advantage of a RAS based on the preinstalled TCSCs to <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rapidly</i> alleviate the congestions caused by FDIs. The effectiveness of the developed framework is verified on two IEEE test systems, where it is assumed that a higher budget is spent on securing remote terminal units of TCSCs; hence, phasor measurement units are more prone to cyberattacks. 

A Remedial Action Scheme Against False Data Injection Cyberattacks in Smart Transmission Systems: Application of Thyristor-Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC)

This paper presents a systematic method of developing the mathematical model for small signal stability enhancement in multi machine power systems using different types of FACTS devices namely (i) SVC (ii)STATCOM (iii) TCSC (iv) SSSC and (v) UPFC. Two axis model of the synchronous machine is used for investigating the small signal dynamic behavior of the multimachine power system. Local stabilizing signals such as real power perturbations, bus voltage deviations are used as control inputs for the damping controllers in FACTS devices. A nonlinear optimization model is developed which tunes the gains, time constants of the FACTS based damping controllers in the stabilizing loop. Case studies are carried out on the standard WSCC 3 Machine 9 − Bus system and the 10 Machine, 39 bus New England system. All computations are carried out using MATLAB v7.6.

On the optimal tuning of FACTS based stabilizers for dynamic stability enhancement in multimachine power systems

The University of ManchesterFaculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesPhD ThesisSupervisory Control Scheme for FACTS and HVDC Based Damping of Inter-Area Power Oscillations in Hybrid AC-DC Power SystemsMelios HadjikyprisJuly, 2015Modern interconnected power systems are becoming highly complex and sophisticated, while increasing energy penetrations through congested inter-tie lines causing the operating point approaching stability margins. This as a result, exposes the overall system to potential low frequency power oscillation phenomena following disturbances. This in turn can lead to cascading events and blackouts.Recent approaches to counteract this phenomenon are based on utilization of wide area monitoring systems (WAMS) and power electronics based devices, such as flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) and HVDC links for advanced power oscillation damping provision. The rise of hybrid AC-DC power systems is therefore sought as a viable solution in overcoming this challenge and securing wide-area stability.If multiple FACTS devices and HVDC links are integrated in a scheme with no supervising control actions considered amongst them, the overall system response might not be optimal. Each device might attempt to individually damp power oscillations ignoring the control status of the rest. This introduces an increasing chance of destabilizing interactions taking place between them, leading to under-utilized performance, increased costs and system wide-area stability deterioration.This research investigates the development of a novel supervisory control scheme that optimally coordinates a parallel operation of multiple FACTS devices and an HVDC link distributed across a power system. The control system is based on Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) modern optimal control theory. The proposed new control scheme provides coordinating control signals to WAMS based FACTS devices and HVDC link, to optimally and coherently counteract inter-area modes of low frequency power oscillations inherent in the system.The thesis makes a thorough review of the existing and well-established improved stability practises a power system benefits from through the implementation of a single FACTS device or HVDC link, and compares the case ?and hence raises the issue?when all active components are integrated simultaneously and uncoordinatedly.System identification approaches are also in the core of this research, serving as means of reaching a linear state space model representative of the non-linear power system, which is a pre-requisite for LQG control design methodology.

Supervisory control scheme for FACTS and HVDC based damping of inter-area power oscillations in hybrid AC-DC power systems

This paper presents a mathematical analysis namely linearization technique for small signal stability enhancement in multi machine power system using a FACTS device SVC. Using eigen values and participation matrix the small signal dynamic behavior of the multimachine power system is investigated. Secondly with a FACTS device SVC the same system enhanced dynamic behavior using eigen values and participation matrix is also studied. Finally, with SVC along with a controller the same system effective dynamic stability using linearization technique is seen. Local stabilizing signals such as bus voltage deviations and bus angle perturbations are used as control inputs for the damping controller in FACTS device. Proposed technique is implemented on the standard WSCC 3 Machine 9 Bus system. The system is simulated in PSAT software and the computations are carried out using MATLAB. KeywordsFACTS, SVC, linearization technique Introduction Considering today's scenario, power demand is increasing and necessary too. Stability is an important factor in the area of power system, power system oscillates accordingly electromechanical oscillations. Because of these there will be more oscillations towards the generating units as well as transmission unit too, which ultimately makes the entire system inadequate and weak as the load increased. To a single generator or a generator plant these oscillations may be local (local oscillations, 0.8 – 2 Hz), or widely separated geographically different groups of generators these are interarea (interarea oscillations, 0.2 – 0.8 Hz). These electromechanical oscillations lead to power interruption [1]. The approach to solve the problem, FACTS is introduced [2]. The main objectives of FACTS, to increase transmission capacity and control of power flow. Although PSS’S provide supplementary feedback stabilizing signals, but still variations in voltage profile and they may result in leading power factor operation under severe disturbances. Because of above factor, power system must be retuned accordingly with operating state. Since power system is highly non-linear, the controllers and converters operating condition cannot cope with changes in operating conditions for security loads, power flow control and voltage control in transmission system [3]. Now controllers provided with stabilizing loops are found to be effective for damping out power system oscillations. Static Var Compensator (SVC) control strategies for enhancing the dynamic and transient stabilities in a simple two machine system was discussed in[4]. The modeling and interfacing techniques of SVC and TCSC for a long term dynamic simulation in[5]. Optimal tuning of FACTS based stabilizers for Dynamic Stability enhancement in Multimachine power systems was analyzed in [6]. From the above review of references, the present paper using a mathematical analysis namely linearization technique. Linearizing the system performance equations and using them in standard form of state space model, the small signal dynamic behavior enhancement of a multi machine power system with FACTS device SVC simulations along with computations is further discussed. SVC A. CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT AND PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION The schematic diagram of a FC-TCR type SVC is shown in Fig.1. This shows that the TCR and FC are connected on the secondary side of a step-down transformer. The voltage signal is taken from the high voltage SVC bus using a potential transformer. Figure 1: SVC (FC-TCR) configuration DOI 10.29042/2018-3072-3078

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Dynamic Stability Enhancement in a Multimachine Power System using SVC along with a Controller

From the viewpoint of operational planning, this paper focuses on the evaluation of the impact of FACTS devices on control of voltage profile and line flows. This paper presents modeling and interfacing techniques of static VAr compensator (SVC) and thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC) for real time long term simulation. The proposed models are shown to be effective both for maintaining the voltage at load bus and real power flow through a typically selected line. The effectiveness of the controls are demonstrated for a standard nine bus system

V.S. Deve

Papers

Modeling of SVC and TCSC for power system dynamic simulation