Meeting: International Seminar on Information and Communication Technology Statistics, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 19-21 July 2010

Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation

A comprehensive review on microbial fuel cell technologies: Processes, utilization, and advanced developments in electrodes and membranes

Bacterial biofilms are complex surface attached communities of bacteria held together by self-produced polymer matrixs mainly composed of polysaccharides, secreted proteins, and extracellular DNAs. Bacterial biofilm formation is a complex process and can be described in five main phases: (i) reversible attachment phase, where bacteria non-specifically attach to surfaces; (ii) irreversible attachment phase, which involves interaction between bacterial cells and a surface using bacterial adhesins such as fimbriae and lipopolysaccharide (LPS); (iii) production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) by the resident bacterial cells; (iv) biofilm maturation phase, in which bacterial cells synthesize and release signaling molecules to sense the presence of each other, conducing to the formation of microcolony and maturation of biofilms; and (v) dispersal/detachment phase, where the bacterial cells depart biofilms and comeback to independent planktonic lifestyle. Biofilm formation is detrimental in healthcare, drinking water distribution systems, food, and marine industries, etc. As a result, current studies have been focused toward control and prevention of biofilms. In an effort to get rid of harmful biofilms, various techniques and approaches have been employed that interfere with bacterial attachment, bacterial communication systems (quorum sensing, QS), and biofilm matrixs. Biofilms, however, also offer beneficial roles in a variety of fields including applications in plant protection, bioremediation, wastewater treatment, and corrosion inhibition amongst others. Development of beneficial biofilms can be promoted through manipulation of adhesion surfaces, QS and environmental conditions. This review describes the events involved in bacterial biofilm formation, lists the negative and positive aspects associated with bacterial biofilms, elaborates the main strategies currently used to regulate establishment of harmful bacterial biofilms as well as certain strategies employed to encourage formation of beneficial bacterial biofilms, and highlights the future perspectives of bacterial biofilms.

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Beyond Risk: Bacterial Biofilms and Their Regulating Approaches.

ELEVEN years ago appeared the comprehensive monograph entitled “Flame and Combustion in Gases” by Prof. W. A. Bone and D. T. A. Townend, followed a year or two later by “Gaseous Combustion at High Pressures” by Bone, Newitt and Townend. Except for a small volume on "Flame"by 0. C. de C. Ellis and W. A. Kirkby (1936), the subject has not since been treated as a whole in English, until the recent appearance of the work by Bernard Lewis and G. von Elbe now under review. Combustion, Flames and Explosions of Gases By Dr. Bernard Lewis Dr. Guenther von Elbe. (The Cambridge Series of Physical Chemistry.) Pp. xiv + 415. (Cambridge: At the University Press, 1938.) 21s. net.

Combustion, Flames and Explosions of Gases

Clean and environment-friendly energy harvesting are of prime interest today as it is one of the key enablers in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as well as accelerates social progress and enhances living standards. India, the second-most populous nation with a population of 1.353 billion, is one of the largest consumers of fossil fuels in the world which is responsible for global warming. An ever-increasing population is projected until 2050, and consequently, the energy demand in the upcoming decades will be co-accelerated by the rapid industrial growth. The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) with the support of National Institution for Transforming India (NITI) Aayog is working to achieve the Indian Government's target of attaining 175 GW through renewable energy resources. Many Indian states are currently increasing their renewable energy capacity in an objective to meet future energy demand. The review paper discusses in-depth about the three Indian states, namely Karnataka, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, which pioneers the renewable energy production in India. The global energy scenario was discussed in detail with Indian contrast. Further, the barriers to the development of renewable energy generation and policies of the Indian government are discussed in detail to promote renewable energy generation throughout India as well as globally since the challenges are similar for other nations. This study analyzed various prospects of the country in renewable energy which has been done in a purpose to help the scholars, researchers, and policymakers of the nation, as it gives an insight into the present renewable energy scenario of the country.

/pdf/a-comprehensive-review-on-renewable-energy-development-1ec239x6fp.pdf

A Comprehensive Review on Renewable Energy Development, Challenges, and Policies of Leading Indian States With an International Perspective

A microbial fuel cell (MFC) is an advance device to contend with three-dimensional problems of fossil fuel-based energy production with high-cost and pollution-generating units. It is an emerging t...

Microbial fuel cells: a sustainable solution for bioelectricity generation and wastewater treatment

The present review focuses on the cultivation of algal biomass for generating value-added products (VAP) and to assess their economic benefits and harmful environmental impact. Additionally, the impact of bioreactor designs on the yield of microalgal biomass for VAP is also considered. All these factors are discussed in relation to the impact of microalgae production on the bio-economy sector of commercial biotechnology.

/pdf/microalgal-cultivation-for-value-added-products-a-critical-3cnqzqhf25.pdf

Microalgal cultivation for value-added products: a critical enviro-economical assessment

Renewable energy scenario in indian context: vision and achievements

Emerging Energy Alternatives for Sustainable Environment

This communication presents an experimental study based on energy and exergy analyses of a typical solar air dryer. On the basis of the experimental results, the first and the second law efficiencies are calculated with respect to the available solar radiation. It is found that the second law efficiency is much less than the first law efficiency irrespective of the mass flow rate of the circulating fluid. It is also found that both efficiencies are an increasing function with respect to the mass flow rate of the working fluid. For a particular day, it is also found that first and second law efficiencies fluctuate according to radiation. The results obtained in this article are found to be consistent with those obtained by earlier authors as given in the literature.

V. V. Tyagi

Papers

Microbial fuel cells: a sustainable solution for bioelectricity generation and wastewater treatment

Microalgal cultivation for value-added products: a critical enviro-economical assessment

Renewable energy scenario in indian context: vision and achievements

Emerging Energy Alternatives for Sustainable Environment

First and second law analyses of a typical solar air dryer system: a case study