KDOQI Clinical Practice Guideline for Vascular Access: 2019 Update.

https://www.jvascsurg.org/article/S0741-5214(02)57413-9/pdf

Recommended standards for reports dealing with arteriovenous hemodialysis accesses

https://www.kidney-international.org/article/S0085-2538(15)48653-3/pdf

Increasing arteriovenous fistulas in hemodialysis patients: Problems and solutions

Department of Surgery, University Hospital Maastricht, The Netherlands, Nephrology, Dialysis and Intensive Care Unit; Lapeyronie University Hospital, Montpellier, France, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Helios Klinikum Wuppertal, University Hospital Witten/Herdecke, Germany, Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Medicine Clinic I, Hospital Merheim, Germany (retired), Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Ege University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey, Departement de Nephrologie JE 2411–Denutrition des Maladies Chroniques, Hopital E Herriot, France, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Maastricht, The Netherlands, Nephrology Department, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain, Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Bolognini Hospital, Seriate, Italy, Nephrology Unit, SM Annunziata Hospital, Florence, Italy, Department of Renal Medicine, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds, UK, Department of Nephrology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK (retired), Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Hospital, Wurzburg, Germany, Department of Nephrology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Nephrology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium

https://www.vascularaccesssociety.com/resources/media/Guidelines/1_patient_referral.pdf

EBPG on Vascular Access

Editor's Choice - Vascular Access: 2018 Clinical Practice Guidelines of the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS).

Factors associated with early failure of arteriovenous fistulae for haemodialysis access

Reprinted article "Factors associated with early failure of arteriovenous fistulae for haemodialysis access".

This study is concerned with an assessment of the quality of the blood vessels used in the construction of radiocephalic arteriovenous fistulae for haemodialysis vascular access in 20 patients. Following non-invasive preoperative assessment of the cephalic vein by means of a colour Doppler scanner, input impedance was determined intraoperatively from blood flow and blood pressure measured about 2 cm downstream of the anastomosis. The patients were re-assessed 1 day and 2, 4, 6 and 12 weeks after surgery, and the diameter and the flow through the fistulae, the location of major branches, and the presence and severity of stenoses in the cephalic veins were determined non-invasively. Five fistulae failed within the 12 weeks period following surgery, mainly due to thrombosis. In a further 3 patients, the fistulae were patent bur did not achieve an adequately high blood flow and dilate sufficiently for haemodialysis and were therefore considered to be essentially failed. The impedance moduli from 0 to 10 Hz as well as the average impedance modulus of successful fistulae were significantly lower than those of fistulae that subsequently failed. An attempt was made to locate the presence of reflection sites (i.e. stenoses and branches) from the minima in the impedance modulus spectra. Their locations were compared with those of the reflection sites detected by ultrasound 2 weeks after surgery. However, not all reflection sites detected 2 weeks after surgery were located by the impedance method. It is recommended that both preoperative examination and intraoperative haemodynamic measurements be made to improve the accuracy of the assessment.

V. Wong

Papers

Factors associated with early failure of arteriovenous fistulae for haemodialysis access

Reprinted article "Factors associated with early failure of arteriovenous fistulae for haemodialysis access".

Input impedance of radiocephalic arteriovenous fistulae for haemodialysis access: its value in predicting early failure.