The pandemic COVID 19 has upset the economic, social, financial, and general behavioral systems. Global crisis has a large impact overall and related fallouts significantly affect existent structural paradigms in every country and region across the world. In particular, the spread of COVID-19 pandemic has led to having to rethink the way we produce and consume food. Within this global change, a rise in the number of consumers who purchase food products online in order to comply with the rules aimed at limiting the circulation of the virus should be emphasized. Consequently, probably causing a long-term positive effect on m-commerce. The purpose is to elaborate on the index of the satisfaction level of consumers of purchasing food online via food shopping channels, by using key factors that characterize the online spending behavior. The analysis was carried out by collection of data deriving from an anonymous online questionnaire administrated via social networks and emails, during the ‘hot’ months of the pandemic progression in Italy, which is March–May 2020. We analyse both dimensions of customer satisfaction (process and outcome), by means of two systems of indicators. We reduce their complexity using synthesis obtained with the Partially ordered set. Results highlight the differences between the two dimensions of customer satisfaction. Online shopping can surely contribute to reduction of food waste thanks to elimination of frenzied shopping routines at supermarkets and can open space to new fields of study. On the other hand, defining an index of the consumer's satisfaction can alter sales strategies of m-commerce managers and entrepreneurs.

Measuring consumers’ level of satisfaction for online food shopping during COVID-19 in Italy using POSETs

In recent years, sustainable development has become one of the main issues of scientific and institutional debate. The literature on this concept is wide and often presents conflicting positions. This leads to considering sustainable development as a contested concept. The growing interest and importance of this topic has also led to an increasing focus on the aspect of its measurement. Dealing with the measurement of complex phenomena, like sustainable development, means dealing with synthesis. The traditional and dominant approach to the synthesis of multi-indicator systems of cardinal variables is the use of the aggregative-compensative approach. Despite its success, this approach presents a series of critical issues. In this paper, we propose a method of synthesizing multi-indicator systems over time based on the Partial Order Theory. Applying and comparing the method we proposed and an aggregative method, the Adjusted Mazziotta–Pareto Index, to one of the 15 sustainable development goals, we highlight the strengths of the new methodological proposal.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11205-020-02398-5.pdf

Synthesis of Multi-indicator System Over Time: A Poset-based Approach

Evaluating Normandy’s sustainable development and energy transition policies

Poverty is no longer a problem of income alone. Healthy poverty and capacity poverty have become key factors affecting the poverty reduction effectiveness. Based on “double cut-offs” multidimensional poverty identification method of Alkire and Foster (J Public Econ 95(7–8): 476–487, 2011), this paper proposes a “triple cut-offs” identification method of multidimensional poverty reduction effectiveness, and construct the chronic multidimensional poverty reduction index combined with chronic thinking of Foster (in: Addison T, Hulme D, Kanbur R (eds) Poverty dynamics: interdisciplinary perspectives. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 59–76, 2009). And this index can comprehensively and systematically measure the China’s multidimensional poverty reduction effectiveness in terms of both poverty alleviation and poverty returning. In this paper, we find that China's chronic multidimensional poverty alleviation index is greater than the country’s chronic poverty returning index, and the chronic multidimensional poverty alleviation/returning index in rural and western regions is greater than that in its cities and other regions in China. The chronic poverty alleviation of per capita net income and medical insurance have contributed a lot to the overall chronic multidimensional poverty alleviation of China’s rural residents, while poverty returning caused by health and housing difficulties has contributed a lot (48.14%) to the chronic multidimensional poverty alleviation of the country’s urban residents. These findings can provide more targeted guidance for poverty governance.

A Statistical Measurement of Poverty Reduction Effectiveness: Using China as an Example

In recent years a large amount of works has been carried out with the aim to provide alternative meausures of progress and well-being to GDP. Given the multidimensional aspect of the phenomenon, most of these studies differs in terms of their theoretical approach as well as their purpose and statistical methodology used to de ne what wellbeing is and how to measure it. In this paper we construct a well-being indicator for the Italian (NUTS-3) provinces, following the approach used in Segre et al. (2001) for the construction of the regional (NUTS-2) QUARS indicator. The resulted well-being indicator shows a high degree of heterogeneity not only between provinces located in the North and the South part of Italy, but also among adjacent territories. An empirical model has been tested against possible well-being determinants. Our ndings suggest that social capital, social security programs, income, and grant-making activities by Bank Foundations positively affect provincial well-being. Length: 34 pages

A Well-Being Indicator for the Italian Provinces a

The official Italian well-being measuring system (“Equitable and Sustainable Well-being—BES”) is probably the worldwide most advanced attempt to pursue the beyond GDP perspective effectively. In it, well-being is described in terms of 12 domains and a complex multi-indicator system of around 130 indicators, drawn mainly from Istat (official Italian statistical bureau) surveys and administrative archives. In order to get a more synthetic view of well-being, in the last four BES reports Istat employed aggregative procedures providing composite indicators for each well-being domain. The aggregative road to synthesis is however problematic, when complex and non-highly correlated indicator systems are to be summarized, mainly due to its compensative nature and interpretational difficulties. As a valuable alternative, in this paper we adopt a non-aggregative approach to synthesis, based on Partially Ordered Set Theory (Poset Theory) and show how it can be used to provide more “complexity-preserving”insights into well-being. In particular, we describe each well-being domain as a partially ordered set and compute synthetic indicators for well-being rankings at regional level for year 2017, getting more robust and interpretable results than with mainstream aggregative procedures.

Measuring Equitable and Sustainable Well-Being in Italian Regions: The Non-aggregative Approach

The scientific community has been studying for some time a measure capable of quantifying and monitoring the well-being of the population in the territories; this measure cannot be represented exclusively by economic components but also by dimensions that represent different domains of a mainly demographic-social nature. This paper aims to consider well-being from a multidimensional point of view and measure it for the 7983 Italian municipalities in order to highlight differences and similarities. To go down to such a fine territorial detail, it was necessary to use indicators implemented by administrative sources collected in a recently published portal. The application of composite indices allows a one-dimensional measurement that makes a complex phenomenon such as well-being more readable. From a territorial point of view, moreover, the work aims to overcome the administrative division already criticized in literature because it does not allow a reading corresponding to the real behaviors and lifestyles of citizens, embracing a classification more appropriate to the objective of the study. Since the elementary indicators taken into consideration are in some way influenced by reasons of proximity and/or territorial conformation, it was decided to use the classification in Ecoregions of Italy to assess whether the well-being, within the same municipality, “moves” in relation to the municipalities ecologically homogeneous. The results of the analyses present numerous aspects of originality in which the Ecoregions draw an interesting geography of the country.

Valeria Quondamstefano

Papers

Measuring Equitable and Sustainable Well-Being in Italian Regions: The Non-aggregative Approach

Measuring Well-Being in Italian (Eco)regions