SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY that accompany this article, Will and Hebert respond to 10 questions selected by V.S. to reflect the balance of issues raised by the PEET audience (Hebert and Gregory, 2005; Will et al., 2005). Alternatively, you can follow the original debate as all 2 hours of the complete symposium are available to watch as a streaming video from http:// streamer.cen.uiuc.edu/seminars/peet/peet2-3-4.wmv (Windows Media Player required). A CKNOWLEDGEMENTS R EFERENCES Anonymous. 2003. What’s in a name? Economist 366:62. Blaxter, M. 2003. Counting angels with DNA. Nature 421:122– Godfray, H. C. J., and S. Knapp. 2004. Introduction [to a theme issue ’Taxonomy for the twenty-first century’]. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Gotelli, N. J. 2004. A taxonomic wish-list for community ecology. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 359:585–597. Hebert, P. D. N., A. Cywinska, S. L. Ball, and J. R. deWaard. 2003. Biological identifications through DNA barcodes. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 270:313–322. Hebert, P. D. N., and T. R. Gregory. 2005. The promise of DNA barcoding for taxonomy. Syst. Biol. 54:852–859. Hebert, P. D. N., M. Y. Stoeckle, T. S. Zemlak, and C. M. Francis. 2004. Identification of birds through DNA barcodes. PLoS Biol. 2:1657– Holmes, B. 2004. Barcode me. New Scientist 182:32–35. Kurosawa, O., and M. Washizu. 2004. Acquisition and amplification of targeted position of electrostatically stretched DNA. J. Inst. Electro- stat. Jpn. 28:59–64. Lipscomb, D. L., N. Platnick, and Q. D. Wheeler. 2003. The intellectual content of taxonomy: a comment on DNA taxonomy. TREE 18:65–66. May, R. M. 2004. Tomorrow’s taxonomy: Collecting new species in the field will remain the rate-limiting step. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Moritz, C., and C. Cicero. 2004. DNA barcoding: Promise and pitfalls. PLoS Biol. 2:1529–1531. NCBI. 2005. National Center for Biological Information. Gen- Bank statistics available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/About/ tools/restable stat.html. Nicholls, H. 2003. DNA: The barcode of life? Originally published on behalf of Elsevier by BioMedNet. Now available at http://www. uoguelph.ca/∼phebert/media/BioMedNet%20News%20article. pdf. Pennisi, E. 2003. Modernizing the tree of life. Science 300:1692–1697. Rodman, J. E., and J. H. Cody. 2003. The taxonomic impediment over- come: NSF’s Partnerships for Enhancing Expertise in Taxonomy (PEET) as a model. Syst. Biol. 52:428–435. Schindel, D. E., and S. E. Miller. 2005. DNA barcoding a useful tool for taxonomists. Nature 435:17. Tautz, D., P. Arctander, A. Minelli, R. H. Thomas, and A. P. Vogler. 2003. A plea for DNA taxonomy. TREE 18:70–74. Taylor, R. W. 1983. Descriptive taxonomy: Past, present, and future. Pages 93–134 in Australian systematic entomology: A bicentenary perspective (E. Highley, and R. W. Taylor, eds.). CSIRO, Canberra. Vincent, M., Y. Xu, and H. Kong. 2004. Helicase-dependent isothermal DNA amplification. EMBO Rep. 5:795–800. Will, K. W., B. D. Mishler, and Q. D. Wheeler. 2005. The perils of DNA barcoding and the need for integrative taxonomy. Syst. Biol. 54:844– First submitted 23 March 2005; reviews returned 9 June 2005; final acceptance 12 July 2005 Associate Editor: Vincent Savolainen Syst. Biol. 54(5):844–851, 2005 c Society of Systematic Biologists Copyright ISSN: 1063-5157 print / 1076-836X online DOI: 10.1080/10635150500354878 The Perils of DNA Barcoding and the Need for Integrative Taxonomy K IPLING W. W ILL , 1 B RENT D. M ISHLER , 2 AND Q UENTIN D. W HEELER 3 ESPM Department—Insect Biology and 2 Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK “Your work, Sir, is both new and good, but what’s new is not good and what’s good is not new.” Samuel Johnson We argue that DNA barcoding has both new and good elements, but unfortunately no elements that are both. We are strongly in favor of the good idea of using DNA for identification, but that is old hat—the use of DNA for identification goes back to the beginning of molecular systematics. The DNA barcoders cannot take any credit for that. Their new idea that DNA barcoding can replace normal taxonomy for naming new species and studying their relationships is worse than bad, it is destructive. Statements by some barcoding proponents suggest an in- evitable replacement of taxonomic research rather than augmentation of technology to taxonomic science, e.g., “a COI-based identification system will undoubtedly Downloaded from http://sysbio.oxfordjournals.org/ at UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY on August 29, 2013 I thank Kipling Will and Paul Hebert for taking part in the de- bate, Mike Irwin and Gail Kampmeier for organizing the fifth biennial PEET conference, and the National Science Foundation for financially supporting this meeting. Kevin Cummings, Martin Hauser, Andrew Miller, Mark Wetzle, and Kazunori Yoshizawa provided specimens and in some cases unpublished DNA sequences that were used dur- ing the species identification demonstration in this session. Martin Hauser, Mathys Meyer, Floyd Shockley, Daniela Takiya, and Jamie Zahniser assisted in the running of the debate. The symposium video was filmed and edited by Ritch Strom on behalf of the office of con- tinuing education at the University of Illinois. Rasplus Jean-Yves, Kevin Johnson, Rod Page, Diana Percy, Vincent Savolainen, Jason Weckstein, and an anonymous reviewer provided comments on an earlier (and considerably different) version of this manuscript. This work was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (DEB-0107891). VOL. 54

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The Perils of DNA Barcoding and the Need for Integrative Taxonomy - eScholarship

The book provides a review of scientific research on the learning outcomes of students with limited or no proficiency in English in U.S. schools. Research on students in kindergarten to grade 12 is reviewed. The primary chapters of the book focus on these students' acquisition of oral language skills in English, their development of literacy (reading & writing) skills in English, instructional issues in teaching literacy, and achievement in academic domains (i.e., mathematics, science, and reading). The reviews and analyses of the research are relatively technical with a focus on research quality, design characteristics, and statistical analyses. The book provides a set of summary tables that give details about each study, including full references, characteristics of the students in the research, assessment tools and procedures, and results. A concluding chapter summarizes the major issues discussed and makes recommendations about particular areas that need further research.

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Educating English language learners

Discrete Event Simulation (DES) has been widely used in modelling health-care systems for many years and a simple citation analysis shows that the number of papers published has increased markedly since 2004. Over the last 30 years several significant reviews of DES papers have been published and we build on these to focus on the most recent era, with an interest in performance modelling within hospitals. As there are few papers that propose or illustrate general approaches, we classify papers according to the areas of application evident in the literature, discussing the apparent lack of genericity. There is considerable diversity in the objectives of reported studies and in the consequent level of detail: We discuss why specificity dominates and why more generic approaches are rare.

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Discrete event simulation for performance modelling in health care: a review of the literature

Venous ulcers are the most common form of leg ulcers. Venous disease has a significant impact on quality of life and work productivity. In addition, the costs associated with the long-term care of these chronic wounds are substantial. Although the exact pathogenic steps leading from venous hypertension to venous ulceration remain unclear, several hypotheses have been developed to explain the development of venous ulceration. A better understanding of the current pathophysiology of venous ulceration has led to the development of new approaches in its management. New types of wound dressings, topical and systemic therapeutic agents, surgical modalities, bioengineered tissue, matrix materials, and growth factors are all novel therapeutic options that may be used in addition to the "gold standard," compression therapy, for venous ulcers. This review discusses current aspects of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic assessment, and current therapeutic options for chronic venous insufficiency and venous ulceration. (J Am Acad Dermatol 2001;44:401-21.) Learning objective: At the conclusion of this learning activity, participants should be familiar with the 3 main types of lower extremity ulcers and should improve their understanding of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnostic assessment, and current therapies for chronic venous insufficiency and venous ulcers.

https://www.jaad.org/article/S0190-9622(01)03155-3/pdf

Chronic venous insufficiency and venous leg ulceration

Publish and perish? Bibliometric analysis, journal ranking and the assessment of research quality in tourism

Publish or perish.

The removal of devitalized tissue, particulate matter, or foreign materials from a wound, debridement, is often the first goal of wound care. Debridement can be accomplished surgically (instrument/sharp), chemically, mechanically or by means of autolysis. Each procedure has distinct advantages, disadvantages, indications for use and risks, and a combination of methods will often expedite the process while limiting the chance of complications. Depending on the method used as well as a variety of local and systemic factors, chronic wound debridement can take anywhere from a few days to more than a month. Even though wound debridement is often discussed separately, particularly when managing patients with chronic wounds, it should not be viewed in isolation. Rather, it is one aspect of total patient care. Measures to facilitate the healing process in general should be employed at all times, because debridement and wound healing can occur simultaneously.

Using wound debridement to help achieve the goals of care

First, do no harm.

Where the rubber meets the road.

Research has shown that providing quality wound care affects outcomes and cost. Heuristic devices that facilitate this process, such as guidelines and algorithms, are widely available, but most have not been validated for use by the practitioners for whom they were designed. Although the validity of one set of wound care algorithms (Solutions ® , ConvaTec, Inc., Skillman, NJ) has been established by expert wound clinicians and excellent clinical usage outcomes reported, its validity when used by nonexpert clinicians (eg, staff registered nurses) to expedite the clinical decision-making process has not been established. Using a cross-sectional, mixed methods, quantitative survey design, a study was conducted to validate use of these algorithms by 204 nonwound expert registered nurses associated with an urban university. Following a very brief explanation, participants (88% women, mean age 34.8 [range 23 to 60] years, 4 to 9 years nursing experience, currently practicing in an acute care setting) were asked to rate 11 components of the algorithms, apply them to a variety of acute and chronic wounds (N = 15), and comment on the research process and algorithm use. The content validity of all components was strong (CVI >0.96); 71% to 98% of nurses selected the correct (primary) or appropriate but not entirely correct (secondary) algorithm; the correct dressing was selected for 75% to 91% of wounds shown. Correct algorithm and dressing selection percents were lower for wounds with necrotic tissue. Intra-rater reliability (two sets of two wounds) was modest but higher for necrotic wounds. A common qualitative theme was insecurity regarding wound assessment. The study results support that the algorithms tested have face and content validity and facilitate the provision of optimal care with a variety of wound types (construct validity) and confirm that wound education improvements for registered nurses are needed.

van Rijswijk L

Papers

Publish or perish.

Using wound debridement to help achieve the goals of care

First, do no harm.

Where the rubber meets the road.

A cross-sectional study to validate wound care algorithms for use by registered nurses.