How the mind works

Reconstruction in Philosophy

Context: Software startups are newly created companies with no operating history and fast in producing cutting-edge technologies. These companies develop software under highly uncertain conditions, tackling fast-growing markets under severe lack of resources. Therefore, software startups present a unique combination of characteristics which pose several challenges to software development activities. Objective: This study aims to structure and analyze the literature on software development in startup companies, determining thereby the potential for technology transfer and identifying software development work practices reported by practitioners and researchers. Method: We conducted a systematic mapping study, developing a classification schema, ranking the selected primary studies according their rigor and relevance, and analyzing reported software development work practices in startups. Results: A total of 43 primary studies were identified and mapped, synthesizing the available evidence on software development in startups. Only 16 studies are entirely dedicated to software development in startups, of which 10 result in a weak contribution (advice and implications (6); lesson learned (3); tool (1)). Nineteen studies focus on managerial and organizational factors. Moreover, only 9 studies exhibit high scientific rigor and relevance. From the reviewed primary studies, 213 software engineering work practices were extracted, categorized and analyzed. Conclusion: This mapping study provides the first systematic exploration of the state-of-art on software startup research. The existing body of knowledge is limited to a few high quality studies. Furthermore, the results indicate that software engineering work practices are chosen opportunistically, adapted and configured to provide value under the constrains imposed by the startup context.

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Software development in startup companies: A systematic mapping study

The very large number of human thermal climate indices that have been proposed over the past 100 years or so is a manifestation of the perceived importance within the scientific community of the thermal environment and the desire to quantify it. Schemes used differ in approach according to the number of variables taken into account, the rationale employed, the relative sophistication of the underlying body-atmosphere heat exchange theory and the particular design for application. They also vary considerably in type and quality, as well as in several other aspects. Reviews appear in the literature, but they cover a limited number of indices. A project that produces a comprehensive documentation, classification and overall evaluation of the full range of existing human thermal climate indices has never been attempted. This paper deals with documentation and classification. A subsequent report will focus on evaluation. Here a comprehensive register of 162 thermal indices is assembled and a sorting scheme devised that groups them according to eight primary classification classes. It is the first stage in a project to organise and evaluate the full range of all human thermal climate indices. The work, when completed, will make it easier for users to reflect on the merits of all available thermal indices. It will be simpler to locate and compare indices and decide which is most appropriate for a particular application or investigation.

A comprehensive catalogue and classification of human thermal climate indices

Purpose – The aim of this article is to estimate the impact of faceted classification and the faceted analytical method on the development of various information retrieval tools over the latter part of the twentieth and early twenty‐first centuries.Design/methodology/approach – The article presents an examination of various subject access tools intended for retrieval of both print and digital materials to determine whether they exhibit features of faceted systems. Some attention is paid to use of the faceted approach as a means of structuring information on commercial web sites. The secondary and research literature is also surveyed for commentary on and evaluation of facet analysis as a basis for the building of vocabulary and conceptual tools.Findings – The study finds that faceted systems are now very common, with a major increase in their use over the last 15 years. Most LIS subject indexing tools (classifications, subject heading lists and thesauri) now demonstrate features of facet analysis to a gre...

The need for a faceted classification as the basis of all methods of information retrieval

Sage Dictionary of Statistics: A Practical Resource for Students in the Social Sciences

The library classification scheme was the first means of subject access to information, but is largely disregarded as a tool for the management of electronic resources; modern classifications built on facet analytical principles are more appropriate to this purpose than is generally realised. Faceted classifications as exemplified by the Bliss Bibliographic Classification (BC2) are powerful tools for the management of vocabulary, characterised by a rigorous analytical approach to terms, and the clear identification of semantic and syntactic relationships and structures. The philosophy and function of BC2 are described, as is the process of building a knowledge structure on facet analytical principles. The range of related functions of such structures when employed as knowledge management tools (as classification, thesaurus, subject heading list, browsable index) is considered, as is the potential of facet analytical knowledge structures for the management of digital materials. Facet analysis is regarded as a powerful methodology for the creation of structures appropriate to specific retrieval requirements in a range of contexts, with emphasis on the problems of complex subject description and retrieval and multidimensionality.

Faceted classification as a basis for knowledge organization in a digital environment: the bliss bibliographic classification as a model for vocabulary management and the creation of multidimensional knowledge structures

1. What is a thesaurus? 2. Tools for subject access and retrieval 3. What a thesaurus is used for 4. Why use a thesaurus? 5. Types of thesaurus 6. The format of a thesaurus 7. Building a thesaurus 1: vocabulary collection 8. Vocabulary control 1: selection of terms 9. Vocabulary control 2: form of entry 10. Building a thesaurus 2: term extraction from document titles 11. Building a thesaurus 3: vocabulary analysis 12. The thesaural relationships 13. Building a thesaurus 4: introducing internal structure 14. Building a thesaurus 5: imposing hierarchy 15. Building a thesaurus 6: compound subjects and citation order 16. Building a thesaurus 7: conversion of the taxonomy to alphabetical format 17. Building a thesaurus 8: creating the thesaurus records 18. Managing and maintaining the thesaurus: thesaurus software 19. Conclusion 20. Glossary 21. Bibliography Appendix 1. Sample titles for thesaurus vocabulary Appendix 2. Sample terms for the thesaurus Appendix 3. Facets at stage 1 of analysis Appendix 4. Facets at stage 2 of analysis Appendix 5. Completed systematic display Appendix 6. Thesaurus entries for sample page.

Essential Thesaurus Construction

The Bliss Bibliographic Classification Association is an association of users and supporters of the Bibliographic Classification. The association promotes the development and use of classification, publishes official amendments, enables users to keep in touch and exchange experience, and gives them a say in the future of the scheme. It is a non-profit organization, founded in 1969, with members all over the world. Each of the following schedules is the result of a rigorous and detailed analysis of the terminology of the field in question, using the techniques of facet analysis.

Vanda Broughton

Papers

The need for a faceted classification as the basis of all methods of information retrieval

Sage Dictionary of Statistics: A Practical Resource for Students in the Social Sciences

Faceted classification as a basis for knowledge organization in a digital environment: the bliss bibliographic classification as a model for vocabulary management and the creation of multidimensional knowledge structures

Essential Thesaurus Construction

Bliss bibliographic classification