Showing papers by "Vandana Gupta published in 2022"
TL;DR: Duchenne muscular dystrophy is caused by DMD mutations leading to dystrophin loss, and relationships between mutations expected to disrupt Dp140 and Dp71 and motor outcomes are not known.
Abstract: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by DMD mutations leading to dystrophin loss. Full‐length Dp427 is the primary dystrophin isoform expressed in muscle and is also expressed in the central nervous system (CNS). Two shorter isoforms, Dp140 and Dp71, are highly expressed in the CNS. While a role for Dp140 and Dp71 on DMD CNS comorbidities is well known, relationships between mutations expected to disrupt Dp140 and Dp71 and motor outcomes are not.
12 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) constitutes the primary lipid biosynthesis site and regulates calcium handling in skeletal muscle to control excitation-contraction coupling.
Abstract: Rhabdomyolysis is a clinical emergency characterized by severe muscle damage resulting in the release of intracellular muscle components leading to myoglobinuria and in severe cases, acute kidney failure. Rhabdomyolysis is caused by genetic factors that are linked to increased disease susceptibility in response to extrinsic triggers. Recessive mutations in TANGO2 result in episodic rhabdomyolysis, metabolic crises, encephalopathy and cardiac arrhythmia, the underlying mechanism contributing to disease onset in response to specific triggers remains unclear. To address these challenges, we created a zebrafish model of Tango2 deficiency. Here we show that loss of Tango2 in zebrafish results in growth defects, early lethality and increased susceptibility of muscle defects similar to TANGO2 patients. Detailed analyses of skeletal muscle revealed defects in the sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria at the onset of disease development. The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) constitutes the primary lipid biosynthesis site and regulates calcium handling in skeletal muscle to control excitation-contraction coupling. Tango2 deficient SR exhibits increased sensitivity to calcium release that was partly restored by inhibition of Ryr1-mediated Ca2+ release in skeletal muscle. Using lipidomics, we identified alterations in the glycerolipid state of tango2 mutants which is critical for membrane stability and energy balance. Therefore, these studies provide insight into key disease processes in Tango2 deficiency and increased our understanding of how specific defects can predispose to environmental triggers in TANGO2-related disorders.
2 citations
TL;DR: Poultry phages are used for phage therapy, phage biocontrol, and phage biosanitization, which may decrease the use of antibiotics in poultry production, thus paving the way for theUse of an essential part of the health care system that has been forgotten.
Abstract: There is a global crisis of antibiotic resistance, which is among the world's most serious health problems. Antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) have been implicated in the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria that cause common infections over the past 70 years due to their use in animal agriculture. The use of phage therapy is a promising approach for combating bacterial infections and encouraging healthy poultry growth.In addition to being an excellent vehicle for foodborne pathogens, poultry and poultry meat usually contain millions of bacteria, particularly Campylobacter and Salmonella. There are multiple current strategies for phage therapy, including phage cocktails, enzymes derived from phages, phages combined with antibiotics, phage engineering, the combination of phages and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR-Cas). Poultry phages are used for phage therapy, phage biocontrol, and phage biosanitization. As foodborne pathogens increase, biocontrol has the potential to become the most effective way to reduce them in animals as well as in processed foods. Phage biocontrol may decrease the use of antibiotics in poultry production, thus paving the way for the use of an essential part of our health care system that has been forgotten.
31 Oct 2022
TL;DR: In this article , a formulation development and characterization of in situophthalmic gel of natamycin by using a blend polymer of sodium alginate, ethylcellulose, and Xanthan gum for better residence time to improve the bioavailability of the drug.
Abstract: Natamycin, an antifungal agent that has been approved in the management of exteriorfungal infectionsof the oculus such asfungal keratitis,blepharitis, and conjunctivitis. The ophthalmic preparation needs frequent installation into the eye due to the quickprecorneldrugloss which may lead to poor bioavailability. The present investigation aimed at formulation development and characterization of in situophthalmic gel of natamycin by using a blend polymer of sodium alginate, ethylcellulose, and Xanthan gum for better residence time to improvethe bioavailability of the drug. The six different formulations (F1 to F6) of natamycin in situgel were prepared. All the formulations were evaluated for clarity, visual appearance, pH, gelling capacity, drug content, drug release, release kinetic, ocular irritancy, and in vitro stability. The results were found to have complied with the pharmacopoeial specification. The in vitrodrug releases of F3 formulation established maximum drug release for 8 h as compared to other formulations in sustained manner.Further, the F3 formulation was found to be stable, safe and innocuous. The studies suggested that prepared in situophthalmic gel of natamycin will be a valuable alternative to conventional eye drops to counter the precorneal loss.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors reviewed the current knowledge on Picobirnaviruses and described the current status of PBVs in animals and described their tropism since they have not only been associated with viral gastroenteritis but also been reported in the respiratory tracts of pigs.
Abstract: Picobirnaviruses (PBVs) are small non enveloped viruses with bi-segmented ds RNA. They have been observed in a wide variety of vertebrates, including mammals and birds with or without diarrhoea, as well as in sewage samples since its discovery (1988). The source of the viruses is uncertain. True hosts of PBVs and their role as primary pathogens or secondary opportunistic agents or innocuous viruses in the gut remains alien. The mechanisms by which they play a role in pathogenicity are still unclear based on the fact that they can be found in both symptomatic and asymptomatic cases. There is a need to determine their tropism since they have not only been associated with viral gastroenteritis but also been reported in the respiratory tracts of pigs. As zoonotic agents with diverse hosts, the importance of epidemiological and surveillance studies cannot be overstated. The segmented genome of PBV might pose a serious public health issue because of the possibility of continuous genetic reassortment. Aware of the growing attention being given to emerging RNA viruses, we reviewed the current knowledge on PBVs and described the current status of PBVs in animals.
TL;DR: The unique ice recrystallization inhibition properties (IRI) and thermal hysteresis (TH) have become one of the promising tools in industrial applications such as cryobiology, food storage and others.
Abstract: Periodic or continuous exposure to very low temperatures in psychrotolerant enhances production of few specific molecules that prevent them from freezing, called Ice binding proteins. Psychrophiles is capable of synthesizing some important proteins & peptides that can regulate growth of ice crystals and these are named Ice Binding Proteins (IBPs). Ice binding proteins are specialized proteins that are less popular but extremely crucial. Antifreeze proteins (AFP) are among them only that enhance the formation of large grains of ice inside cells that damage cellular organs or cause cell death. The unique ice recrystallization inhibition properties (IRI) and thermal hysteresis (TH) have become one of the promising tools in industrial applications such as cryobiology, food storage and others. This article summarizes the functions and applications of the large group of IBPs.
TL;DR: It is reported that traditionally genes for these proteins could be good targets for RT-PCR-based diagnosis of coronaviruses and hemagglutinin-esterase (HE) is one of SARS-CoV-2’s proteins.
Abstract: We heartily thank the authors for reading our paper so meticulously and bringing this point into our notice. We appreciate your effort. The authors of the ‘Diagnosis of COVID-19: hemagglutinin-esterase gene is used for molecular assays?’ are referring to the para “Traditionally, the ideal targets of RT-PCR assays are the conserved and/or copiously expressed genes encoding the structural proteins Spike (S), Envelope (E), and Nucleocapsid (N) genes, the non-structural protein RdRp (RNAdependent RNA polymerase) gene, replicase open reading frame (ORF) 1a/b genes, ORF1b-nsp14 genes, hemagglutininesterase (HE), and helicase genes. Among all, Hel/RdRp assays have the highest sensitivity and specificity. RdRp is used for confirmation following an analysis of the E gene [13,15,17].” The protocols of several RT-PCR assays have recently been made available online. Nucleocapsid (N) protein gene as a molecular target for real qRT-PCR assay is recommended by the CDC USA. Some regions of the ORF1ab gene are highly conserved in the subgenus Sarbecoviruses and hence are considered to be an appropriate target sequence for RT-PCR [15] in our review ‘Recent advances in the diagnosis of COVID19: a bird’s eye view’ published in “Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics”. But in our published review we do not report that hemagglutinin-esterase (HE) is one of SARS-CoV-2’s proteins, but I agree that this point is not very clearly conveyed in the lines quoted above from the review, which mentions hemagglutinin-esterase (HE). We report that traditionally genes for these proteins could be good targets for RT-PCR-based diagnosis of coronaviruses. But Hel/RdRp, Env, N, and regions from ORF 1ab are commonly used in SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. Nowhere in the review is the use of HE gene in the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 reported.
28 Jan 2022
TL;DR: In this article , the authors reviewed azo dye structures, sources, toxicity, existing remediation techniques, bioremediation, bacterial degradation and decolorization, types of bacteria, mechanism, degradation, and decoloring under aerobic, anoxic, and anaerobic conditions.
Abstract: Azo dyes are synthetic dyes that have ≥1–N=N– group in their chemical structure. Azo dyes are mainly used in the textile industries as coloring agents. The discharge of dyes that contain textile effluents into the environment is hazardous to human and aquatic life. Therefore, it is necessary to review the efficient methods for the remediation of dye bearing wastewater that contains dyes. Numerous physicochemical and biological approaches have been reported. The microbial approach is gaining more interest due to its high effectiveness, cost-efficiency, fast degradation rate, and eco-friendly nature. Microbial remediation involves the use of bacteria, enzymes, fungi, algae, and yeast. Bacteria can efficiently decolorize and degrade azo dyes by the cleavage of the azo bond, which forms an amine group. This chapter will review azo dye structures, sources, toxicity, existing remediation techniques, bioremediation, bacterial degradation and decolorization, types of bacteria, mechanism, degradation and decolorization under aerobic, anoxic, and anaerobic conditions. In addition, factors that affect bacterial degradation and decolorization of azo dyes and recent advances will be discussed.