Intrinsic rate equations were derived for the steam reforming of methane, accompanied by water-gas shift on a Ni/MgAl2O4 catalyst. A large number of detailed reaction mechanisms were considered. Thermodynamic analysis helped in reducing the number of possible mechanisms. Twenty one sets of three rate equations were retained and subjected to model discrimination and parameter estimation. The parameter estimates in the best model are statistically significant and thermodynamically consistent.

Methane steam reforming, methanation and water‐gas shift: I. Intrinsic kinetics

Preface. 1. Introductory Remarks. 2. Fundamental Factors for Designing Adsorbent. 3. Sorbent Selection: Equilibrium Isotherms, Diffusion, Cyclic Processes, and Sorbent Selection Criteria. 4. Pore Size Distribution. 5. Activated Carbon. 6. Silica Gel, MCM, and Activated Alumina. 7. Zeolites and Molecular Sieves. 8. &pi -Complexation Sorbents and Applications. 9. Carbon Nanotubes, Pillared Clays, and Polymeric Resins. 10. Sorbents for Applications. Author Index. Subject Index.

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Adsorbents: Fundamentals and Applications

Three experts in Human Resources introduce a measurement system that convincingly showcases how HR impacts business performance. Drawing from the authors' ongoing study of nearly 3,000 firms, this book describes a seven-step process for embedding HR systems within the firm's overall strategy--what the authors describe as an HR Scorecard--and measuring its activities in terms that line managers and CEOs will find compelling. Analyzing how each element of the HR system can be designed to enhance firm performance and maximize the overall quality of human capital, this important book heralds the emergence of HR as a strategic powerhouse in today's organizations.

Contents:
 HR as a strategic partner : the measurement challenge
 Clarifying and measuring HR's strategic influence : introduction to a seven-step process
 Creating an HR scorecard
 Cost-benefit analyses for HR interventions
 The principles of good measurement
 Measuring HR alignment
 Competencies for HR professionals
 Guidelines for implementing an HR scorecard.

The HR Scorecard: Linking People, Strategy, and Performance

An overview is given of the selective catalytic reduction of NOx by ammonia (NH3‐SCR) over metal‐exchanged zeolites. The review gives a comprehensive overview of NH3‐SCR chemistry, including undesired side‐reactions and aspects of the reaction mechanism over zeolites and the active sites involved. The review attempts to correlate catalyst activity and stability with the preparation method, the exchange metal, the exchange degree, and the zeolite topology. A comparison of Fe‐ZSM‐5 catalysts prepared by different methods and research groups shows that the preparation method is not a decisive factor in determining catalytic activity. It seems that decreased turnover frequency (TOF) is an oft‐neglected effect of increasing Fe content, and this oversight may have led to the mistaken conclusion that certain production methods produce highly active catalysts. The available data indicate that both isolated and bridged iron species participate in the NH3‐SCR reaction over Fe‐ZSM‐5, with isolated species being the ...

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/01614940802480122

The State of the Art in Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx by Ammonia Using Metal‐Exchanged Zeolite Catalysts

https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/download/7446/PDF

A review and evaluation of catchment transit time modeling

Chemical Reaction Engineering

A predictive kinetic model has been developed for fluid catalytic cracking (FCC). The kinetic scheme involves lumped species consisting of paraffins, naphthenes, aromatic rings, and aromatic substituent groups in light and heavy fuel oil fractions. The kinetic model also incorporates the effect of nitrogen poisoning, aromatic ring adsorption, and time dependent catalyst decay. The rate constants for these lumped species are invariant with respect to charge stock composition. The predictive capabilities of the model have been verified for wide ranges of charge stocks and process conditions.

A lumping and reaction scheme for catalytic cracking

A kinetic mathematical model of catalytic cracking is described which accounts for conversion and gasoline yield in isothermal fixed, moving, and fluid bed reactors The model has been tested and verified by using laboratory moving bed data with a commercial gas oil and catalyst It is shown that under certain conditions, the selectivity behavior and maximum gasoline yield of fixed, fluid, and moving bed reactors will be identical Maximum gasoline yield is defined in terms of both the kinetic parameters and the process variables for fixed, moving, and fluid bed reactors

Kinetics of catalytic cracking selectivity in fixed, moving, and fluid bed reactors

This paper presents a commentary on the status of application of modern control theories to industrial chemical processes. The difficulties encountered in the implementation of advanced control to chemical reactors are critically examined in order to determine the reasons for its limited success to date. Chemical processes, very often poorly understood because of the physicochemical complexities, are nonlinear, highly interacting, spacially dependent, and continuously disturbed by many uncharacterized noises. It is time-consuming and expensive to develop advanced control methods for these systems because few of the available theories can be applied directly. Thus, we often find it difficult to economically justify advanced control projects.

Advanced control practice in the chemical process industry: A view from industry

Choosing the type of laboratory reactor for evaluating process kinetics may be the most crucial step in an industrial process development program. Not only would a wrong choice result in expensive delays, but data may be obtained which would scale-up erroneously, leading to a disastrous commercial design. Some of the pitfalls and limitations of various laboratory reactors are discussed for some typically complex industrial reaction systems. A modus operandi is suggested for choosing from among the potential reactors those that have the best chance of supplying the desired data. As is typical of many complex industrial reaction systems, no one reactor turns out to be ideal and many times the building of two or more types is advantageous.

Vern W. Weekman

Papers

Chemical Reaction Engineering

A lumping and reaction scheme for catalytic cracking

Kinetics of catalytic cracking selectivity in fixed, moving, and fluid bed reactors

Advanced control practice in the chemical process industry: A view from industry

Laboratory reactors and their limitations