Starts with a brief review of the history and the application areas considered in the literature. The author then proceeds with introductory modeling examples, behavioral and structural properties, three methods of analysis, subclasses of Petri nets and their analysis. In particular, one section is devoted to marked graphs, the concurrent system model most amenable to analysis. Introductory discussions on stochastic nets with their application to performance modeling, and on high-level nets with their application to logic programming, are provided. Also included are recent results on reachability criteria. Suggestions are provided for further reading on many subject areas of Petri nets. >

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Petri nets: Properties, analysis and applications

1. Introduction 2. Background 3. Performance evaluation process algebra 4. Modelling study: multi-server multi-queue systems 5. Notions of equivalence 6. Isomorphism and weak isomorphism 7. Strong bisimilarity 8. Strong equivalence 9. Conclusions Bibliography Index.

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A Compositional Approach to Performance Modelling

SPNP, a powerful GSPN package that allows the modeling of complex system behaviors, is presented. Advanced constructs are available in SPNP such as marking-dependent arc multiplicities, enabling functions, arrays of places or transitions, and subnets; the full expressive power of the C programming language is also available to increase the flexibility of the net description. Sophisticated steady-state and transient solvers are available including cumulative and up-to-absorption measures. The user is not limited to a predefined set of measures; detailed expressions reflecting exactly the measures sought can be easily specified. The authors conclude by comparing SPNP with two other SPN-based packages, Great SPN and METASAN. >

SPNP: stochastic Petri net package

The development of techniques for quantitative, model-based evaluation of computer system dependability has a long and rich history. A wide array of model-based evaluation techniques is now available, ranging from combinatorial methods, which are useful for quick, rough-cut analyses, to state-based methods, such as Markov reward models, and detailed, discrete-event simulation. The use of quantitative techniques for security evaluation is much less common, and has typically taken the form of formal analysis of small parts of an overall design, or experimental red team-based approaches. Alone, neither of these approaches is fully satisfactory, and we argue that there is much to be gained through the development of a sound model-based methodology for quantifying the security one can expect from a particular design. In this work, we survey existing model-based techniques for evaluating system dependability, and summarize how they are now being extended to evaluate system security. We find that many techniques from dependability evaluation can be applied in the security domain, but that significant challenges remain, largely due to fundamental differences between the accidental nature of the faults commonly assumed in dependability evaluation, and the intentional, human nature of cyber attacks.

/pdf/model-based-evaluation-from-dependability-to-security-50ybd7tqdv.pdf

Model-based evaluation: from dependability to security

Deadlocks constitute an important issue to be addressed in the design and operation of FMSs. It is shown that prevention and avoidance of FMS deadlocks can be implemented using Petri net models. For deadlock prevention, the reachability graph of a Petri net model of the given FMS is used, whereas for deadlock avoidance, a Petri-net-based online controller is proposed. The modeling of the General Electric FMS at Erie, PA, is discussed. For such real-world systems, deadlock prevention using the reachability graph is not feasible. A generic, Petri-net-based online controller for implementing deadlock avoidance in such real-world FMSs is developed. >

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Deadlock prevention and deadlock avoidance in flexible manufacturing systems using Petri net models

An Extended Stochastic Petri Net (ESPN) model, useful for modeling systems which exhibit concurrent, asynchronous, or nondeterministic behavior is developed. Applications demonstrating the flexibility of the model for a variety of system modeling applications are presented. Analytic techniques for the representation of a class of ESPNs as Markov or semi-Markov processes are discussed, as in the simulation of more general models. Finally, DEEP (The Duke ESPN Evaluation Package) is previewed.

Victor F. Nicola

Papers

Extended Stochastic Petri Nets: Applications and Analysis

A Model of Checkpointing and Recovery with a Specified Number of Transactions between Checkpoints