The aim of this study is to investigate parents’ relationships with their children during the pandemic period. The study is a qualitative research study and was conducted with a case study design. The study group of this research consisted of 19 parents. The study group was selected using the criterion sampling method of purposive sampling. The criteria specified in this research were that parents should have a child attending preschool and at least a secondary school level of education. The research data were gathered during the 2019-2020 academic year via interviews conducted with parents having at least one child who was still receiving preschool education, using a semi-structured interview form. The study variables were age, occupation, education level, number of children, and cohabitation status of the parents. The data obtained from the interviews were analysed using the content analysis method. Accordingly, the researcher aimed to assess, through content analysis, the reasons for directly unobservable or non-quantifiable behaviours of the parents by conducting interviews. The research findings revealed that the positive aspects of the parent-child relationship during the pandemic were stated to be spending time together, sharing, doing activities, and communication, while the negative aspects were reported as social isolation, domestic conflicts, and mobile phone addiction. Changes in the mother-child relationship during the pandemic were revealed to be related to knowing each other, spending time together, conflicts, and obeying rules, while in terms of the father-child relationship, changes were seen in communication, doing activities and sense of responsibility. While participants evaluated domestic relationships positively with regard to being together, being supportive and positive communication, they regarded them negatively in terms of conflicts, communication problems and boredom. Lastly, participants stated that educational activities, playing games, watching educational videos and preparing food were the activities on which the most time was spent.

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The Pandemic Period and the Parent-Child Relationship.

In spite of the number of public advice campaigns, researchers have found that individuals still engage in risky password practices. There is a dearth of research available on individual differences in cyber security behaviors. This study focused on the risky practice of sharing passwords. As predicted, we found that individuals who scored high on a lack of perseverance were more likely to share passwords. Contrary to our hypotheses, we found younger [corrected] people and individuals who score high on self-monitoring were more likely to share passwords. We speculate on the reasons behind these findings, and examine how they might be considered in future cyber security educational campaigns.

Individual Differences in Cyber Security Behaviors: An Examination of Who Is Sharing Passwords (vol 18, pg 3, 2015)

As the European Union is increasingly emerging as de facto global regulator of all kinds of rules concerning the environment, human health, and safety, risk regulation is becoming a new lens through which to analyse the European integration process. Indeed, today the most important and widespread form of EU regulation in the internal market is concerned with the government of risk to individuals' health and safety. The European Journal of Risk Regulation (EJRR) is a new international journal that provides an innovative forum for informed and scholarly discussion on how these risks are regulated across policy domains in Europe and beyond. The EJRR understands itself as a truly multi-disciplinary journal. While the central focus of the journal is the European law regulating inter alia Chemicals (REACH), Nanomaterials, Pharmaceuticals, Food and Feed, Cosmetics & Medical Devices, Pollution, Climate Change, Industrial Accidents and Public Health, discussion extends to other social sciences, such as economics, regulation studies, political science, risk analysis, safety science and sociology.

The Birth of the European Journal of Risk Regulation

Abstract Prior research has shown that more resilient individuals report higher levels of happiness. Other research also shows that those who use positive humor styles (i.e., self-enhancing and affiliative) more often and use negative humor styles (i.e., aggressive and self-defeating) less often report higher levels of happiness. Resilience research has characterized resilience as involving multiple protective factors that contribute to functioning better than expected despite past or present adversities. The present research tested the hypothesis that the use of one or more humor styles may function as distinct protective factors of resilience in predicting happiness. An online survey study with a sample of 204 (105 men, 99 women) young adults showed that after controlling for resilience, less frequent use of the negative humor styles (i.e., aggressive and self-defeating) emerged as protective factors, related to higher levels of happiness. The use of the positive humor styles did not account for additional variance in happiness after resilience was controlled. The results are compatible with research suggesting that improvements in well-being are associated with behavioral changes.

Humor and resilience: relationships with happiness in young adults

Passwords remain the most common method of authentication in computers and networks. Thus, passwords have been the prime targets of attackers, and the number of data breaches in the last few years proves the high value of passwords. A detailed analysis of such data can provide insight on password trends and patterns users follow when they create a password. While there is a wealth of research investigating online password choices, to the best of our knowledge, there are no studies specifically designed to capture user behavior towards Wi-Fi passwords. In this paper, we perform a large-scale analysis of Wi-Fi passwords categorizing them as public Wi-Fi passwords created for Wi-Fi hotspots and private Wi-Fi passwords created for private/home Wi-Fi installations. First, we analyze public Wi-Fi passwords by collecting and analyzing a corpus of more than one million passwords of Wi-Fi hotspots. The aim of the analysis of public Wi-Fi passwords is to reveal password characteristics and compare them against web account passwords, to discover similarities and differences between them. While comparing the collected dataset with a set of popular leaked web password databases, several similarities between them can be identified, despite the fact that these password categories serve different purposes. Secondly, we explore through an online survey, the characteristics of passwords in private/home Wi-Fi installations. The aim is to give greater insight into private Wi-Fi password selection of users and highlight password trends when it comes to context, length, strength and architecture. Results reveal that users follow several poor security practices when selecting their private Wi-Fi passwords and tend to underestimate their importance with regards to their security and privacy. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first work to examine Wi-Fi passwords characteristics and shed light on how users choose them in terms of structure and composition. 

A large-scale analysis of Wi-Fi passwords

The use of strong passwords is viewed as a recommended cybersecurity practice, as the hacking of weak passwords led to major cybersecurity breaches. The present research investigated whether nudging with messages based on participants’ self-schemas could lead them to create stronger passwords. We modeled our study on prior health-related research demonstrating positive results using messages based on self-schema categories (i.e., True Colors categories -compassionate, loyal, intellectual, and adventurous). We carried out an online study, one with 256 (185 women, 66 men, 5 other) undergraduates and one with 424 (240 men, 179 women, 5 other) Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) workers, in which we randomly assigned participants to receive messages that matched or mismatched their self-schema. We also investigated whether differences across the Big Five personality traits, secure password knowledge, attitudes and behavior, need for cognition, and general risk-taking predicted the strength of passwords that participants created during the study. Multiple individual difference variables predicted password strength (i.e., conscientiousness, emotional stability, need for cognition, self-reported secure password knowledge, attitude, and behavior, and general risk-taking). MTurk workers had higher levels of cybersecurity knowledge and created stronger passwords than college students. The nudging messages did not lead to stronger passwords. Implications for strategies to increase the use of secure passwords are discussed.

Who creates strong passwords when nudging fails

Resilience researchers have shown that positive relationships function as protective factors, offsetting the negative effects of adverse life experiences. Relationships with parents may be among th...

Victoria H. Spooner

Papers

Who creates strong passwords when nudging fails

Childhood relationships with parents and attachment as predictors of resilience in young adults