The effect of different mulching on tomato development and yield

Irrigation management is essential to promote appropriate plant growth and guarantee production and quality of the tomatoes for processing, increases the efficiency of nutrients use and contributes to ensure the sustainability of the production chain. This study was installed to evaluate productive performance of two processing tomato hybrids submitted to five water depths under drip irrigation system. Five levels of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) replacement (60%, 100%, 140%, 180% and 220%) and two tomato hybrids (BRS Sena and H 9992) were tested. The experimental design was a 5×2 factorial arranged in randomized complete block design with four replications. During the crop cycle, hybrids BRS Sena and H 9992 needed 692.20 and 418.43 mm of water, yielding 80 and 44.06 t ha-1, respectively. For both hybrids, the higher water productivity was observed when lower levels of irrigation were applied. Higher productivities and pulp yields of ‘BRS Sena’ and ‘H 9992’ were noticed when replacing 150-166% and 99-101% ETc, respectively. We observed that improving the performance of processing hybrid tomatoes is possible by adjusting irrigation levels for each hybrid according to growing conditions.

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Performance of processing tomatoes under different supply levels of crop evapotranspiration

Studies on production factors of the irrigated organic cherry tomato in the Brazilian semi-arid region are just at the beginning phase It mainly focuses on adequate irrigation management Therefore, the aim of the present study was the technical and economic evaluation of some production factors like water and ground cover on cherry tomato The climate of the region is of the BSw'h type, hot and semi-arid, with irregular rains distributed from February to May The ground has fairly flat relief The soil presents a sandy loam texture, well-drained, without risk of salinity and sodicity problems The experimental design was of randomised blocks with three replications and subdivided plots, comprising five primary treatments in the plots and three secondary treatments arranged in the subplots The primary treatments consisted of five levels of irrigation with 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150% of crop evapotranspiration, and three secondary treatments were assigned with ground covers of carnauba straw (CS), elephant grass (EG), plus a control treatment with no ground cover The crop was irrigated by a system of drip irrigation The results showed estimated slides equivalent to 454 mm (107% ETc loc), 461 mm (109% ETc loc) and 592 mm (140% ETc loc) can contribute to the highest commercial yield, corresponding to 11401, 10466 and 7802 kg ha-1 of cherry tomatoes for carnauba straw, elephant grass and uncovered soil, respectively Carnauba straw presented potential as a vegetative cover, being economically feasible as it allowed a reduction in water consumption and yield of cereal tomato under poor irrigation strategy

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Response of the cherry tomato to watering and ground cover under organic cultivation

Nitrogen fertilization and water supply are determinant factors for production and physical-chemical quality of cherry tomato. The objective of this study is to evaluate the productivity and quality of cherry tomatoes, cultivar Carolina, produced under different irrigation depth and nitrogen treatments. The experiment was conducted in a protected environment in randomized blocks and a 5 × 3 factorial design with three replications. The treatments were integrated by the combination of five irrigation depth consisting of 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150% of replacement of the reference evapotranspiration (ETo), and three nitrogen treatments fertilization (common urea, urea with urease inhibitor and without the application of nitrogen). The productive and qualitative characteristics of tomato fruits were evaluated. Productivity was better responsive with the 125% ETo depth. The 100% ETo depth provided the highest titratable acidity. Nitrogen treatments did not promote differences in productivity and quality of tomatoes.

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Irrigation Depth and Nitrogen Fertilization on Production and Quality of Cherry Tomatoes

The search for sustainable agriculture is a reality that aims saving water and agricultural inputs to obtain greater productivity. Some techniques can be used for this purpose, such as drip irrigation and the plastic mulch of the soil. Thus, the aim of this study was to verify the effects of plastic mulch under two water depths on the productive characteristics of a commercial tomato field. The employed experimental design was the completely randomized in a 2 x 2 factorial. The sources of variation were two types of soil cover (with and without plastic mulch) and two water depths (164 mm and 188 mm) with nine replicates. Plant height and water use efficiency were not influenced by soil mulch or water depth variation. Soil with plastic mulch provided a lower mean fruit mass (108.32 g fruit-1), however, with a higher number of fruits per plant (70), which contributed to a higher commercial yield (58.42 t ha-1). The highest total yield (64.08 t ha-1) was obtained in the soil with plastic mulch under the water depth of 188 mm. The use of plastic mulch associated with a water depth of 188 mm provided an increase in tomato yield.

Yield in tomato under two water depths and plastic mulching

IMPACTOS DO NIVEL DE IRRIGACAO E DA COBERTURA DO SOLO NA CULTURA DO TOMATEIRO RAFAEL CAMPAGNOL1; CAMILA ABRAHAO2; SIMONE DA COSTA MELLO1; VICTORIA ROSSMARY SANTACRUZ OVIEDO3; KEIGO MINAMI1 1Departamento de Producao Vegetal, ESALQ/USP, Avenida Padua Dias, 11, 13418-900, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brasil, e-mail: rcampagnol@usp.br, scmello@usp.br, kminami@usp.br 2Departamento de Recursos Naturais – Ciencia do Solo, FCA/UNESP, Fazenda Lageado, Rua Jose Barbosa de Barros, n. 1780, 18610-307, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brasil, e-mail: ca_abrahao@yahoo.com.br 3Direccion de Investigacion Agricola/Ministerio da Agricultura. Ruta II, km 10, San Lorenzo, Paraguai, e-mail: vrossmary@hotmail.com 1 RESUMO A agua e um bem cada vez mais escasso e que tambem exerce grande influencia na produtividade e na qualidade do tomateiro, tornando seu manejo um fator preponderante para a obtencao de maiores rentabilidades aliada a sustentabilidade. Avaliou-se nesse trabalho os efeitos de lâminas de irrigacao (60%, 80%, 100%, 120% e 140% da ETc) e da cobertura do solo com filme plastico de polietileno preto sobre a produtividade, qualidade dos frutos e eficiencia do uso da agua (EUA) na cultura do tomateiro em campo, durante o periodo chuvoso, na regiao de Piracicaba (SP). O delineamento experimental foi em parcelas subdivididas distribuidas aleatoriamente no esquema fatorial 2 x 5, com quatro repeticoes. As lâminas de irrigacao nao influenciaram a produtividade total, produtividade comercial, massa media dos frutos e numero de frutos por planta. A cobertura do solo com plastico preto aumentou a produtividade total e comercial de frutos, mas reduziu o teor de solidos soluveis. A eficiencia do uso da agua aumentou com a reducao da lâmina de irrigacao, sendo esse aumento mais pronunciado com o uso da cobertura de solo. Palavras-chave: Solanum lycopersicum, lâmina de agua, deficit hidrico, podridao apical, mulching. CAMPAGNOL, R; ABRAHAO, C; MELLO, S. C.; OVIEDO, V. R. S.; MINAMI, K. IMPACTS OF IRRIGATION LEVELS AND SOIL COVER ON TOMATO CROP 2 ABSTRACT Water is an asset increasingly scarce and it has also a   great influence on yield and quality of  tomato crop, making its management  a major factor to achieve  higher profitability coupled with sustainability. The study aimed at evaluating the effects of irrigation depths (60%, 80%, 100%, 120% and 140% of  ETc) and black polyethylene plastic as soil covering   on yield, fruit quality and water use efficiency (WUE) in field tomato crop  during the rainy  season in Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. The experimental design was split plots randomly distributed   into   2 x 5 factorial arrangement   with four replications.  No influence was observed of irrigation depths on total and marketable yield, mean   weight and number of fruits per plant.    The use of black polyethylene plastic  as soil covering increased total and marketable yield, but decreased the content of  fruit soluble solids.  An increase of water use efficiency was observed by reducing water levels, and it was more pronounced when   soil cover had been   used. Keywords: Solanum lycopersicum, water level, water deficit, blossom-end rot, mulching.

https://irriga.fca.unesp.br/index.php/irriga/article/download/533/1002

Victoria Rossmary Santa Cruz Oviedo

Papers

Impactos do nível de irrigação e da cobertura do solo na cultura do tomateiro