Context: Traditional knowledge of herbal remedies plays an important role in the search for more effective alternative treatment of a variety of disorders. The ethnobotanical surveys in southern Thailand have revealed that 35 Thai herbal formulas have been used by Thai traditional healers against dental caries. However, the scientific evaluation to confirm their rational uses is scarce.Objective: To test in vitro anti-Streptococcus mutans activity of Thai herbal formulas used against dental caries (THF-DC).Materials and methods: Ethanol extracts of Thai herbal formulas were evaluated for antibacterial activity against S. mutans. Agar disc diffusion was employed as a preliminary screening assay, followed by broth microdilution assay to assess minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Furthermore, medicinal plants contained in the most active THF-DC were investigated for their phytochemicals.Results: Eleven THF-DC extracts exhibited clear inhibition zones of 7.0–22.5 mm against S. mutans. Subsequent determina...

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.3109/13880209.2011.649430

Anti-Streptococcus mutans efficacy of Thai herbal formula used as a remedy for dental caries.

Aloe otallensis Baker is endemic to Ethiopia where its leaf exudate is traditionally used in the southern part of the country for the treatment of malaria. The methanol-soluble portion of the leaf exudate which was subjected to preparative thin layer chromatography (PTLC) over silica gel led to the isolation of a naphthalene derivative identified as 2,8-O,O-di(β-D-gluco-pyranosyl)-1,2,8-trihydroxy-3-methylnaphtalene (plicataloside). The exudate and plicataloside were evaluated for their in vivo antimalarial activity using a 4- day Plasmodium berghei suppressive test method, and their in vitro antioxidant potential assessed by 2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The exudate (300 mg/kg) and plicataloside (100 mg/kg) inhibited parasite growth by 60.7% and 40.7%, respectively. They also exhibited comparable radical scavenging activity with an IC50 value of about 26 μg/ml. It was proposed that plicataloside may minimize oxidative stress thereby contributing to the antimalarial activity of the plant. The findings support the traditional use of A. otallensis in the treatment of malaria. Keywords: Aloe otallensis; exudate, 2,8-O,O-di(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-1,2,8-trihydroxy-3-methylnaphtalene antimalarial, antioxidant

Antimalarial and Antioxidant Activities of the Leaf Exudate and a Naphthalene Derivative from Aloe otallensis Baker

The effect of propolis administration on fetal development.

Background: Medical face masks are integral personal protective equipment against infectious airborne disease and become scarce during epidemic outbreaks such as COVID-19. A novel, sustainably manufactured face mask with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties from oil of Folium Plectranthii amboinicii can be an effective alternative to internationally sold masks. Methods: This prospective, randomized study assigned subjects (n=67) to either conventional surgical face mask or Lamdong Medical College (LMC) face mask for three hours. Fractional concentration of nitric oxide in exhaled breath (FENO) and peak expiratory flow (PEF) was measured before and after mask use. Subjective reporting on respiratory symptoms was also analyzed. Masks were then incubated and analyzed for microorganism growth. Results: Subjects assigned the LMC mask had a lowered FENO (p<0.05) compared to conventional face masks after mask wearing. Subjects with LMC mask use reported higher comfortability (p<0.05), breathability (p<0.05), and lower allergy symptoms (p<0.05). The LMC mask has visually less microorganism growth in the cultured medium, measured by sterile ring radius. Conclusions: The LMC face mask is a renewably manufactured personal protective tool with antibacterial capacity that can serve as an effective alternative to internationally sold surgical face mask during shortage of mask due to COVID-19.

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The use of exhaled nitric oxide and peak expiratory flow to demonstrate improved breathability and antimicrobial properties of novel face mask made with sustainable filter paper and Folium Plectranthii amboinicii oil: additional option for mask shortage during COVID-19 pandemic.

Plectranthus amboinicus (Roxb.) is a medicinal plant, widely used in the management of various chronic diseases in Sri Lankan traditional medicine including kidney diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate nephroprotective and total antioxidant activities of the aqueous leaf extract of P. amboinicus (Lamiaceae). The nephroprotective activity was evaluated in Adriamycin induced nephrotoxic Wistar rats while the total antioxidant activity was determined using three standard in vitro assays. Blood and urine were used for the estimation of selected renal parameters. H and E stained sections of the kidney tissues were used for the assessment of treatment related histological changes in the kidney tissues in order to prove the nephroprotective activity of P. amboinicus extract. The results revealed that the aqueous leaf extract of P. amboinicus possesses significant nephroprotective and antioxidant activities which scrutinize the therapeutic use of the plant in the management of kidney diseases.

https://www.phytojournal.com/archives/2018/vol7issue4/PartC/7-3-376-660.pdf

Acute nephroprotective and antioxidant activities of aqueous leaf extract of Plectranthus amboinicus (Roxb.) grown in Sri Lanka

The present investigation was intended to evaluate the toxicity of the methanolic leaf extract of a traditionally used plant Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour) Spreng. Plant material was analysed for various pharmacognostical parameters as per WHO guidelines procedure i.e., foreign matter, microscopical sections, loss on drying, water and alcoholic extractive values, Total ash, acid soluble ash, heavy metals, phytochemical analysis and toxicity studies. Acute & Sub acute toxicity of the methanolic extract was evaluated in albino mice (Female) after ingestions of the extract during one day (Acute model) and during 28days (sub acute model).The studies on sub acute toxicity reveals that no mortalities or evidence of adverse effects have been observed in Albino mice following acute oral administration at the highest dose of 2000mg/kg crude extracts of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour) Spreng. Similarly, in sub-acute toxicity study methanolic extract 200,400 mg/kg body wt of Plectranthus amboinicus did not cause any changes in hematological and biochemical parameters. Studies on histopathological examination of vital organs showed normal architecture suggesting no morphological disturbances. Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour) Spreng can be considered as safe as it did not cause either any lethality or adverse changes in the general behavior in mice.

/pdf/pharmacognostical-standardization-and-toxicity-profile-of-1e1nsccp0i.pdf

Pharmacognostical standardization and toxicity profile of the methanolic leaf extract of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour) Spreng

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the major contributors to the global burden of chronic diseases. In India CVD is projected to be the largest cause of death and disability by 2020. Hypertension is the commonest CVD affecting at least 20% of adult population. It is one of the major chronic diseases resulting in high mortality and morbidity in today’s world. The prevalence of CVD in the state of Kerala was found in the cross section of the society by the research group in an earlier study on prevalence of hypertension. A plethora of new drugs are now available and the quality of life for these patients has considerably improved. In the present investigation, the prescribing attitude of various physicians was reviewed carefully. The available medical records and the prescriptions of the Cardiology unit were reviewed to study the prescribing pattern and drug therapy for CVD. The various aspects studied were; the diagnosis and preliminary investigations conducted for the patients, Mean Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), Mean Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP), the investigation reports of lipid profiles, Mean Total Cholesterol and Mean HDL Cholesterol levels, advises made with regard to other investigations like ECG, TMT, Echo etc and type of drugs prescribed including cases of combination therapy in first visit and subsequent revisits. Prevalence of diabetes was also studied in CVD patients. The prescribing pattern for hypertension reveals that single drug therapy was mostly preferred. The most commonly preferred and prescribed drugs (MCPP) were Amlodipine, Atenolol, and Losartan Potassium etc. However combination therapy (CT) was also observed. The most commonly preferred and prescribed combinations were Atenolol+Amlodipine, Enalapril+Hydrochlorothiazide, Frusemide+Spironolactone. The various classes of drugs include ACE inhibitors, Beta-Blockers, Nitrates, and Diuretics etc. Aspirin was prescribed for 40 to 50% of patients. Despite the proven benefits of Aspirin therapy in the primary and secondary prevention of CVD, the prescribing pattern still remains little suboptimal. The Biochemical investigation reports of the lipid profile reveal that a considerable number of patients were found to have dislipidemia. Statins and Fibrates were mostly prescribed for lowering low density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) and improving High density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. The study reveals that there is a considerable extent of CVD risk factors in the studied cross section of the community.

/pdf/studies-on-the-prescriptions-of-cardio-vascular-units-arwb4i1pd6.pdf

Studies on the prescriptions of cardio vascular units

Some inequalities related to eigenvalues

Pharmacognosy Research,2022,14,4,429-441.DOI:10.5530/pres.14.4.63Published:October 2022Type:Original ArticleAuthors:Vidhi Bhatia, and MS Arohi Paul Author(s) affiliations: Vidhi Bhatia*, MS Arohi Paul Vivekanand Education Society’s College of Pharmacy Chembur, Mumbai, Maharashtra, INDIA. Abstract:Background: Self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) and solid-SEDDS of Boswellia serrata extract (BSE) was aimed at overcoming the problems of poor solubility and bioavailability. Materials and Methods: The formulation strategy included a selection of oil phase, surfactant and co-surfactant based on qualitative and quantitative saturated solubility studies. A ternary phase diagram was constructed to identify the self-emulsifying region using water uptake studies. Pseudoternary phase diagrams were plotted using 1:1, 2:1 and 3:1 ratios of surfactant and co-surfactant to identify the maximum micro-emulsification region. The prepared formulations of SEDDS were evaluated for their physical appearance, stability, drug content, and globule size determination. Solid-SEDDS were prepared by adsorption technique using mannitol (4.5% w/w) and were evaluated for physical appearance, stability, drug content, and globule size. In-vitro studies were performed to compare the release of solid drugs, SEDDS and S-SEDDS. Results: The formulation containing Boswellia serrata (200 mg), Capmul MCM C8 (15% w/w), Tween 20 (33.333% w/w), Transcutol HP (16.666% w/w) was concluded to be optimized. The release pattern was signified more than 80% release in 30 min in case of S-SEDDS and SEDDS, and 40% release after 120 min in case of solid drug. Solid-SEDDS may be considered a better solid oral dosage form as solidified formulations are more ideal than liquid ones in terms of their stability. Conclusion: Results suggest the potential use of SEDDS and solid-SEDDS to improve the dissolution and hence oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs like Boswellia serrata through oral route. Keywords:Bioavailability, Boswellia serrata, Phase diagram, Solid-self-emulsifying drug delivery systemView:PDF (1.56 MB) 

/pdf/development-of-a-solid-self-emulsifying-drug-delivery-system-24yqw3ac.pdf

Development of a Solid Self-emulsifying Drug Delivery System of Boswellia serrata

/pdf/some-bounds-for-central-moments-and-spreads-of-matrices-139gb0u5.pdf

Vidhi Bhatia

Papers

Pharmacognostical standardization and toxicity profile of the methanolic leaf extract of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour) Spreng

Studies on the prescriptions of cardio vascular units

Some inequalities related to eigenvalues

Development of a Solid Self-emulsifying Drug Delivery System of Boswellia serrata

Some bounds for central moments and spreads of matrices