A review of 3D and 4D printing of natural fibre biocomposites

In the last ten years, environmental consciousness has increased worldwide, leading to the development of eco-friendly materials to replace synthetic ones. Natural fibers are extracted from renewable resources at low cost. Their combination with synthetic polymers as reinforcement materials has been an important step forward in that direction. The sustainability and excellent physical and biological (e.g., biocompatibility, antimicrobial activity) properties of these biocomposites have extended their application to the biomedical field. This paper offers a detailed overview of the extraction and separation processes applied to natural fibers and their posterior chemical and physical modifications for biocomposite fabrication. Because of the requirements for biomedical device production, specialized biomolecules are currently being incorporated onto these biocomposites. From antibiotics to peptides and plant extracts, to name a few, this review explores their impact on the final biocomposite product, in light of their individual or combined effect, and analyzes the most recurrent strategies for biomolecule immobilization.

https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/10/1/148/pdf

Biofunctionalization of Natural Fiber-Reinforced Biocomposites for Biomedical Applications.

Abstract The interest in producing biodegradable polymers by chemical treatment, microorganisms and enzymes has increased to make it easier to dispose after the end of its use without harming the environment. Biodegradable polymers reported a set of issues on their way to becoming effective materials. In this article, biodegradable polymers, treatment, composites, blending and modeling are studied. Environmental fate and assessment of biodegradable polymers are discussed in detail. The forensic engineering of biodegradable polymers and understanding of the relationships between their structure, properties, and behavior before, during, and after practical applications are investigated. 

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Recent advances in biodegradable polymers for sustainable applications

In this paper, the influence of layer thickness (LT), infill percentage (IP), and extruder temperature (ET) on the maximum failure load, thickness, and build time of bronze polylactic acid (Br-PLA) composites 3D printed by the fused deposition modeling (FDM) was investigated via an optimization method. PLA is a thermoplastic aliphatic polyester obtained from renewable sources, such as fermented plant starch, especially made by corn starch. The design of experiment (DOE) approach was used for optimization parameters, and 3D printings were optimized according to the applied statistical analyses to reach the best features. The maximum value of failure load and minimum value of the build time were considered as optimization criteria. Analysis of variance results identified the layer thickness as the main controlled variable for all responses. Optimum solutions were examined by experimental preparation to assess the efficiency of the optimization method. There was a superb compromise among experimental outcomes and predictions of the response surface method, confirming the reliability of predictive models. The optimum setting for fulfilling the first criterion could result in a sample with more than 1021 N maximum failure load. Finally, a comparison of maximum failure from PLA with Br-PLA was studied.

https://www.mdpi.com/2504-477X/4/1/17/pdf

The Synergic Effects of FDM 3D Printing Parameters on Mechanical Behaviors of Bronze Poly Lactic Acid Composites

Artificial neural network-based models for predicting the sound absorption coefficient of electrospun poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)/silica composite

Natural fibers and their composites are being widely used in almost all the applications in this modern era. However, the properties of natural fibers have to be enhanced in order to compete with synthetic fibers. This review paper opens up additive manufacturing, as a novel method for developing an acoustic panel using natural fiber composites with enhanced mechanical and acoustical properties. This approach will help to replace synthetic-based acoustic absorbers with biodegradable composite panels in acoustic applications. This review also covers, poly(lactic acid) as a polymer matrix and its advantages, the available variety of natural fibers as reinforcement in terms of mechanical and acoustical properties. The natural fiber-based filaments used in additive manufacturing and acoustic panels made from the available natural fibers are also elaborated here. This review shows the importance of additive manufacturing and its application to develop novel acoustic panels made of agricultural waste.

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Additive Manufacturing: A Novel Method for Developing an Acoustic Panel Made of Natural Fiber-Reinforced Composites with Enhanced Mechanical and Acoustical Properties

Fabrication of Light-Weighted Acoustic Absorbers made of Natural Fiber Composites via Additive Manufacturing

Natural fiber based filaments are economically, and environmentally friendly and they are sustainable which enables them to be applied in the production of novel composite materials. This research aims to produce 3D printed filaments composed of Poly lactic acid (PLA) reinforced with 5 wt%, 10 wt% and 15wt% of coconut fiber (CF) and coconut shell powder (CSP). These fillers were alkaline and silane treated in order to enhance the thermal properties. These fillers were characterized by FTIR, SEM and TGA analysis. The SEM images show that there are structural changes in the fillers after successive treatments. TGA results shows enhancement of thermal stability for CF by 10 °C whereas decreased by 10 °C for CSP. These fillers are melt blended with PLA as a polymer matrix and extruded as filaments. The filament which is reinforced with CSP holds good for 3D printing whereas, the filaments reinforced with CF clogged during the process of 3D printing due to the large diameter of the filaments.

https://research.birmingham.ac.uk/portal/files/91773398/Paper_ID_37.pdf

Vignesh Sekar

Papers

Additive Manufacturing: A Novel Method for Developing an Acoustic Panel Made of Natural Fiber-Reinforced Composites with Enhanced Mechanical and Acoustical Properties

Fabrication of Light-Weighted Acoustic Absorbers made of Natural Fiber Composites via Additive Manufacturing

Pretreatment studies and characterization of bio-degradable and 3D-printable filaments from coconut waste

Sustainable approach to the revalorization of crab shell waste in polymeric filament extrusion for 3D printing applications

Acoustic Properties of Micro-Perforated Panels Made from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber Reinforced Polylactic Acid