We propose a unified model of signal impairment aggregation with fixed-power amplifiers which captures ASE noise accumulation and its combination with nonlinearities. We numerically show discrepancies with AWGN-like models adapted to fixed-gain amplifiers at low SNR values.

Transmission Systems with Constant Output Power Amplifiers at Low SNR Values: A Generalized Droop Model

We introduce a technique to automatically characterize the OSNR and the G-SNR of a submarine optical cable and then we increase the symbol rate up to 95 GBd to reduce the total measurement time.

Automated Full C-Band Technique for Fast Characterization of Subsea Open Cable G-SNR

We analyze more than 100 subsea experiments with various configurations of rates, modulations, powers, reach and show a format and rate agnostic, accurate QoT prediction tool. We particularly show the impact of signal droop and the connection between GAWBS models based on spectral measurements and system impact.

Analysis of 34 to 101GBaud Submarine Transmissions and Performance Prediction Models

We explore the SNR penalty introduced by GAWBS over trans-oceanic distances. A digital compensation technique is proposed, and its limitations are investigated. In simulations we demonstrate an uncompensated penalty of 0.4 dB after 7000 km.

Observation and Compensation of Guided Acoustic-Wave Brillouin Scattering in Modulated Channels

We compare measured QoT on production network to GNPy predictions, showing an excellent accuracy for 40 channels on two paths. Transmission exceeds 2000 km on mixed-fiber hybrid amplified links. Non-conservative prediction is observed only in 23% of cases and the inaccuracy is limited to 0.3 dB.

Softwarized Optical Transport QoT in Production Optical Network: a Brownfield Validation

Digital coherent receiver and GN model moved submarine transmission systems into the era of “open cables”. This new paradigm leads to consider new parameters to design and characterize open submarine systems independently of the terminal equipment.

Vincent Chevalier

Papers

Design of Submarine “Open” Cables