Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction

Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD).

Pesticides are a family of compounds which have brought many benefits to mankind in the agricultural, industrial, and health areas, but their toxicities in both humans and animals have always been a concern. Regardless of acute poisonings which are common for some classes of pesticides like organophosphoruses, the association of chronic and sub-lethal exposure to pesticides with a prevalence of some persistent diseases is going to be a phenomenon to which global attention has been attracted. In this review, incidence of various malignant, neurodegenerative, respiratory, reproductive, developmental, and metabolic diseases in relation to different routes of human exposure to pesticides such as occupational, environmental, residential, parental, maternal, and paternal has been systematically criticized in different categories of pesticide toxicities like carcinogenicity, neurotoxicity, pulmonotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, developmental toxicity, and metabolic toxicity. A huge body of evidence exists on the possible role of pesticide exposures in the elevated incidence of human diseases such as cancers, Alzheimer, Parkinson, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, asthma, bronchitis, infertility, birth defects, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism, diabetes, and obesity. Most of the disorders are induced by insecticides and herbicides most notably organophosphorus, organochlorines, phenoxyacetic acids, and triazine compounds.

Pesticides: an update of human exposure and toxicity.

evidence showing similar craniopharyngioma and ada the jaw. I am delighted that a fifi appeared. It will remain the on the pathology of tumours system for some time yet. increased considerably in ti result it is now not so comfor and only reads with ease towards the centre of the bx truly a reference book r, \"readers\" book. ities between Congress held in Budapest during Lmantinoma of almost exclusively devoted to s steroid metabolism, their receptors th edition has effects on experimental mammary standard work and advanced human breast can of the nervous mention is made ofsome growth fa The book has main thrust of the book is to hickness; as a possible therapeutic implications. table to handle this reflects the intended readershil when opened As an outsider to this particuk ook. It is now breast cancer studies, I found 1 ather than a unsatisfactory. This was not becai presentations, which in themselves WR TIMPERLEY and well illustrated. The main de] overall lack of orientation and linkage. The briefdiscussion at the book helps no further. I suspect Practical Medical Microbiology. 13th ed. Ed JG Collee, JP Duguid, AG Fraser, BP Marmion (Pp 918; £29.50.) Churchill Livingstone. 1989. ISBN 0443-02323-8.

https://jcp.bmj.com/content/jclinpath/42/12/1315.1.full.pdf

Practical Medical Microbiology

Hazardous effects of chemical pesticides on human health-Cancer and other associated disorders.

Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) cases have been treated with a daily short course chemotherapy (SCC) regimens in past. Following the success of Directly Observed Treatment-Short Course (DOTS) programme over recent years a study was carried out to determine prevalence of EPTB to draw comparison between annual case detection of pulmonary TB (PTB) and extra-pulmonary TB and to assess outcome of DOTS in EPTB in a patient population of Delhi. All consecutive EPTB cases of Delhi diagnosed within LRS Institute of TB and Respiratory Diseases between January 1996 to March 2003 and subsequently given DOTS at the area DOTS Centres constituted the study group. Of overall 14185 cases 2849 (20%) had EPTB. A significantly higher prevalence was observed in females (57%) and in young age (mean ± standard deviation of 23.4 ± 12.8 years). Commonest involved site was lymph node (54%). Whereas number of PTB and EPTB cases have increased over successive years percentage of former declined significantly through 84 in 1996 to 78 in 2002 and that of latter rose significantly through 16 to 22 correspondingly. EPTB to PTB ratio changed significantly from 1:5 at start to about 1:3.5 at study-conclusion. Treatment completion was observed in 94% (1775/1885) of EPTB cases. Under Revised National TB Control Programme (RNTCP) employing a DOTS strategy annual case detection has improved for both pulmonary and extra-pulmonary TB. Cure of infectious disease is likely to have resulted in a relative rise of the annual EPTB case detection. DOTS effected an acceptable treatment outcome in EPTB case management. (authors)

Trends of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis under revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme: a study from South Delhi.

Definitive identification of detached hooklets, scolex and fragments of the spiral wall of Cysticercus cellulosae on fine needle aspiration smears was documented. A critical review of aspirates from 200 diagnosed and 98 suspected lesions of soft tissue and intramuscular cysticercosis was done. Characteristic fragments of bladder wall cytomorphologically corresponding to viable or partially necrotic lesions were seen in 203 cases. Identification of fragments of an invaginated larva (i.e., hooklets, scolex or spiral wall) established the diagnosis in 33 of the suspected lesions. Cytomorphologically all these cases were from either necrotic or calcified lesions. In necrotic lesions with eosinophils, a careful search for fragments of the invaginated portion of the larva should be made.

Cytomorphologic panorama of cysticercosis on fine needle aspiration. A review of 298 cases.

Triazophos, O,O-diethyl-1-H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl phosphorothioate, (TZ) is an organophosphate pesticide widely used as an insecticide in agriculture fields, however, its adverse effects on cognitive function remain unknown till date. The present study was designed to identify the effect of TZ on cognitive function in order to gain an insight into the molecular mechanism(s) probably involved in TZ induced toxicity. Wistar male albino rats were orally administered with TZ at 8.2 mg/kg bw daily for 30 days. Cognitive function was assessed by evaluating step down latency (SDL) in passive avoidance apparatus, transfer latency (TL) on elevated plus maze and escape latency (EL) using morris water maze. The biochemical changes, in terms of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were evaluated in hippocampi regions. Relative mRNA expression and protein expression of BDNF were also evaluated. The results demonstrated that rats treated with TZ showed significantly (p < 0.01) reduced SDL and prolonged TL and EL as compared to control group rats. Moreover, significantly low (p < 0.01) mRNA expression and protein levels (p < 0.001) of BDNF, increased MDA and reduced GSH levels were observed in TZ treated rats. The study concludes that chronic exposure to TZ significantly impairs the learning and memory which may be attributed to the significantly reduced mRNA and protein expression of BDNF in hippocampus. Moreover, BDNF is negatively correlated to MDA levels and positively correlated to GSH levels. Hence, it can be suggested that interplay between BDNF and oxidative stress plays an important role in mediating the toxic effects of TZ.

Possible role of oxidative stress and brain derived neurotrophic factor in triazophos induced cognitive impairment in rats.

BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory autoimmune disorder Withania somnifera Dunal (Solanaceae) (WS), is a common medicinal plant used in traditional systems of medicine for the treatment of arthritis, and is an ingredient of anti-arthritic polyherbal formulations such as Habb-e-Asgand® and Arthritin™ In the present study, we evaluated the antioxidant and anti-arthritic activity of aqueous extract of WS root (WSAq) in collagen-induced arthritic (CIA) rats METHODS CIA rats were treated by using three doses of WSAq (100, 200, 300 mg/kg b wt, orally) and methotrexate (MTX, 025 mg/kg b wt ip) as a standard reference drug for 20 days The anti-arthritic effect was assayed by measuring the arthritic index, autoantibodies such as rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (a-CCP), anti-nuclear antibody (ANA), anti-collagen type II antibody (a-CII) and inflammatory marker like C-reactive protein (CRP) The oxidative stress parameters were also measured RESULTS Treatment with WSAq resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in arthritic index, autoantibodies and CRP (p < 005) with maximum effect at dose of 300 mg/kg b wt and the results were comparable to that of MTX-treated rats Similarly, oxidative stress in CIA rats was ameliorated by treatment with different doses of WSAq, as evidenced by a decrease in lipid peroxidation and glutathione-S-transferase activity and an increase in the glutathione content and ferric-reducing ability of plasma (p < 005) CONCLUSIONS The results showed that WSAq exhibited antioxidant and anti-arthritic activity and reduced inflammation in CIA rats and suggests the potential use of this plant in the treatment of arthritis

Effect of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) root extract on amelioration of oxidative stress and autoantibodies production in collagen-induced arthritic rats.

Background & objectives: Psoriasis is a recurrent hyper-proliferative skin disease which is often associated with free radical generation, abnormal lipid metabolism and increased inflammatory secretion that induce cardiovascular risk in these patients. The present study was intended to evaluate serum lipids, lipoprotein and oxidants-antioxidants status and to establish their relationship with atherogenic risk markers [oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP)] in patients with psoriasis. Methods: The study was conducted on 150 psoriasis patients and 150 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Overnight fasting blood samples were obtained for lipids, lipoproteins, lipid oxidation and peroxidation products [oxLDL, malondialdehyde (MDA)], antioxidant enzymes [reduced glutathione (GSH) and total antioxidant status] levels and hsCRP estimations. Results: The mean levels of atherogenic lipids [total cholesterol (P Interpretation & conclusions: The study results suggest that LDL oxidation and reactive oxygen species in addition to inflammatory markers may play a pivotal role in inducing atherosclerosis in patients of psoriasis.

Vinod Kumar Arora

Papers

Trends of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis under revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme: a study from South Delhi.

Cytomorphologic panorama of cysticercosis on fine needle aspiration. A review of 298 cases.

Possible role of oxidative stress and brain derived neurotrophic factor in triazophos induced cognitive impairment in rats.

Effect of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) root extract on amelioration of oxidative stress and autoantibodies production in collagen-induced arthritic rats.

Dyslipidaemia & oxidative stress in patients of psoriasis: Emerging cardiovascular risk factors