Methods and apparatus, including computer program products, implementing and using techniques for performing temporal motion vector filtering in digital video are disclosed. A recursive hierarchical process is used to determine a motion vector. In the recursive hierarchical process, a neighborhood of old motion vectors is filtered to generate a first estimated motion vector for an image patch in a pair of two image frames. The filtering process uses multiple vectors in a neighborhood around the old motion vector to improve the prediction of the first estimated motion vector. The temporal vector partitioning process separates motion vectors associated with an object from motion vectors associated with a background before selecting a best motion vector, which improves the selection process. The process also works well in the absence of object/background boundaries, as in this case the outlier (incorrect) vector or vectors will be separated out from the good vectors.

Temporal motion vector filtering

Methods and apparatus, including computer program products, implementing and using techniques for distinguishing false motion from true motion, in a video signal that is received by a television set. The video signal is received at the television set. The video signal includes a luma component and a chroma component. A motion detection operation is performed for each of the chroma component and the luma component in several frequency regions of the received video signal. Each frequency region has a unique, adjustable threshold value for distinguishing false motion from true motion, that is dynamically adjustable based on the incoming video signal, and as a result the motion detection accuracy is improved and image artifacts are minimized in an image that is described by the video signal and is to be displayed on the television set.

Motion detection in video signals

The power supply and cooling provided by existing aircraft system line replaceable units (LRUs) or other devices supports new cards that are installed in previously empty slots or which replace existing original cards and which are not limited in functionality and do not require licensing of any proprietary technology included in the LRU. These new cards can include components such as processors, memory, and/or storage that significantly improve the performance of the LRU, and/or add new functionality—all without exceeding the power supply and cooling capability of the LRU. A network and avionics bus interface can be added to a portion of the new card and electrically coupled to the circuitry and electronic components on the new card, so that one or more cables connected to the interface can be connected to externally accessible standard avionics buses and network connectors added to a chassis of the LRU.

Method to Use Empty Slots in Onboard Aircraft Servers and Communication Devices to Install Non-Proprietary Servers and Communications Interfaces

In one embodiment, a method for processing a video signal includes: (1) receiving and storing luminance and chrominance information for each pixel in a first portion of the signal; (2) receiving luminance and chrominance information for each pixel in a second portion of the signal; (3) determining an estimated motion vector for each particular pixel of the second portion by comparing the luminance and chrominance information of the particular pixel to the stored luminance and chrominance information for one or more pixels in a search area of the first portion to determine a pixel in the search area that most closely matches the particular pixel and determining the estimated motion vector according to the particular pixel and the most closely matching pixel; (4) using the estimated motion vector to access the chrominance information for the most closely matching pixel; (5) using a three-dimensional comb filter to filter the chrominance information for the particular pixel and for the most closely matching pixel to determine three-dimensional filter output chrominance information for the particular pixel; (6) receiving the three-dimensional output chrominance information and if the chrominance information for the particular pixel matches the chrominance information of the most closely matching pixel within a specified tolerance, using the three-dimensional filter output chrominance information to determine output luminance information for the particular pixel; and (7) providing the three-dimensional output chrominance information and output luminance information for the particular pixel for displaying the particular pixel.

Processing a video signal using motion estimation to separate luminance information from chrominance information in the video signal

A method of motion detection for a 3D comb filter video decoder is disclosed. In this method, a plurality of sampled data FmPx,y is obtained and temporarily stored after a composite video signal is sampled, wherein FmPx,y represents a sampled data of the yth pixel on the xth line of the mth frame inside the composite video signal, and m, x, y are positive integers greater than or equal to 0. Then, Fm+1Px,y, FmPx,y, Fm−1Px,y, and Fm−2Px,y are used to determine a motion/still status of the composite video signal. Since the present invention performs the motion detection according to the composite video signal whose Y/C has not been separated yet, the present invention can accurately determine the motion level.

Method of motion detection for 3D comb filter video decoder

A composite video decoder that separates digitized composite video signals into luminance and chrominance, demodulates the chrominance signal to its R-Y and B-Y components, removes time base errors, synchronizes the output to the station reference signal and converts three parallel digital signals to a serial digital output signal. A three dimensional digital comb filter, an interpolation circuit for time base correction, a sync error detector circuit, a noise measurement circuit and a means of using the noise measurement level to adapt the other circuits for best operation at various noise levels of the video input signal provide high quality translation from a composite video input to a serial digital interface output (SDI). A digital line recursive filter is used to extract the horizontal synchronizing signal whether the signal is clean or masked by a very high noise level riding on the video signal.

Composite video decoder for providing a high quality serial digital output

A digital comb filter for decoding composite video signals into a luminance and a chrominance component A Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) circuit or a band split filter circuit is used to determine important characteristics of an input video signal without demodulating the video signal The circuits produce a signature signal by which each of the video lines can be correlated Signature signals on various surrounding video lines that are of opposite subcarrier phase with the current line are compared to determine similarity and appropriate weighting coefficients for the surrounding lines If none of the surrounding lines are similar, the comb reverts to a band split filter to form chrominance A noise measure circuit determines an error signal input used to adjust the weighting coefficients as the noise level increases or decreases Multiplexer combines high pass and low pass taps of a band split filter into a single data stream Line delays, together with field delay memories, provide the interlaced line above and below the current line for the comb filter Interframe motion detector gives priority to the frame comb signal when no motion is detected between the current line and the frame delayed signal in the same vertical position as the current line Dynamic threshold modification is used to suppress unwarranted comb filter failures in the presence of luma edges

Digital comb filter for decoding composite video signals

A time base corrector apparatus for removing time base errors from video signals. A voltage-controlled oscillator (VCXO) (154) is locked to the chroma burst of the input signal. The VCXO (154) is used to digitize the input video, to comb filter and to demodulate chroma signals. Time base correction is accomplished by lengthening or shortening each video line in sub-pixel increments by using an interpolator circuit (203) to interpolate consecutive pixels. A sync error detector circuit (207) determines the sync threshold position to sub-pixel accuracy. Sync error process logic circuit (208) determines the integrated line length and line to line error. A coefficient generator (209) determines the coefficients necessary to correct this error for every pixel. The interpolator (203) then uses a polynomial interpolation technique. The interpolator (203) compensates for too few pixels per line by compressing the stretched pixels to the proper size and by creating new pixels from a portion of the pixels immediately before and after the created pixel. Interpolator (203) compensates for too many pixels per line by incorporating the values of the input pixels into the proper number of pixels by an interpolation technique. The pixel values are decimated and written to a write buffer (211).

Time base corrector

A composite video decoder that separates digitized composite video signals into luminance and chrominance, demodulates the chrominance signal to its R-Y and B-Y components, removes time base errors, synchronizes the output to the station reference signal and converts three parallel digital signals to a serial digital output signal. A three dimensional digital comb filter (3), an interpolation circuit for time base correction (8), a sync error detector circuit (158), a noise measurement circuit (157) and a means of using the noise measurement level to adapt the other circuits for best operation at various noise levels of the video input signal provide high quality translation from a composite video input to a serial digital interface output (SDI). A digital line recursive filter is used to extract the horizontal synchronizing signal whether the signal is clean or masked by a very high noise level riding on the video signal.

Composite video decoder

A method and apparatus are disclosed for distributing multiple signals having audio and/or video components for processing by an audio and/or video processor, including a chassis having a midplane connection and number of slots for receiving plural circuit boards, where at least one of the circuit boards receives a combination of multiple audio and/or video signals via a common slot of the midplane. The midplane is configured to electrically connect to one or more of the plural circuit boards and distribute portions of the multiple signals to plural circuit boards. The midplane has electrical signal interconnects within it for electrically connecting a first one of the plural circuit boards, when inserted into a first one of the slots, to multiple other circuit boards, inserted in other slots. A video signal received from an external device via the first circuit board is supplied to at least one of the circuit boards for video signal processing.

Virgil L. Lowe

Papers

Composite video decoder for providing a high quality serial digital output

Digital comb filter for decoding composite video signals

Time base corrector

Composite video decoder

Method and apparatus for routing and distributing signals