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Table Of Integrals Series And Products

In studying the performance of coded communications over memoryless channels (with or without fading), the results are given as upper bounds on the average bit error probability (BEP). In principle, there are three different approaches to arriving at these bounds, all of which employ obtaining the so-called pairwise error probability , or the probability of choosing one symbol sequence over another for a given pair of possible transmitted symbol sequences, followed by a weighted summation over all pairwise events. In this chapter, we will focus on the results obtained from the third approach since these provide the tightest upper bounds on the true performance. The first emphasis will be placed on evaluating the pairwise error probability with and without CSI, following which we shall discuss how the results of these evaluations can be used via the transfer bound approach to evaluate average BEP of coded modulation transmitted over the fading channel.

Coded Communication over Fading Channels

Optical wireless communication (OWC) is an excellent complementary solution to its radio frequency (RF) counterpart. OWC technologies have been demonstrated to be able to support high traffic generated by massive connectivity of the Internet of Things (IoT) and upcoming 5th generation (5G) wireless communication systems. As the characteristics of OWC and RF are complementary, a combined application is regarded as a promising approach to support 5G and beyond communication systems. Hybrid RF/optical and optical/optical wireless systems offer an excellent solution for recovering the limitations of individual systems as well as for providing positive features of each of the technologies. An RF/optical wireless hybrid system consists both RF and optical-based wireless technologies, whereas an optical/optical wireless hybrid system consists two or more types of OWC technologies. The co-deployment of wireless systems can improve system performance in terms of throughput, reliability, and energy efficiency of individual networks. This study surveys the state of the art and key research directions regarding optical wireless hybrid networks, being the first extensive survey dedicated to this topic. We provide a technology overview of existing literature on optical wireless hybrid networks, such as RF/optical and optical/optical systems. We consider the RF-based macrocell, small cell, wireless fidelity, and Bluetooth, as well as optical-based visible light communication, light fidelity, optical camera communication, and free-space optical communication technologies for different combinations of hybrid systems. Moreover, we consider underwater acoustic communication for hybrid acoustic/optical systems. The opportunities brought by hybrid systems are presented in detail. We outline important challenges that need to be addressed for successful deployment of optical wireless hybrid network systems for 5G and IoT paradigms.

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Optical Wireless Hybrid Networks: Trends, Opportunities, Challenges, and Research Directions

Thirty-three soybean genotypes were evaluated for days to flowering, days to maturity, pod length, number of branches, number of unfilled, filled pods and total pods, 100 seed weight and seed yield. Grain yield (kg ha -1 ) was estimated on the basis of 12 m 2 plot size. Genetic parameters, correlation, path coefficients and linkage distances were estimated for all these traits. Analysis of variance and mean performance for yield and its components revealed significant differences among all the genotypes for all the characters. Seed weight had positive correlation with unfilled, filled and total pods. Grain yield had positive and significant correlation with all the characters except days to flowering and seed yield per 5 plant. Moreover, it had significant but negative correlation with days to maturity and also negatively correlated with un-filled pods. Days to maturity, branches, pod length, pods and 100 seed weight had positive direct effects on grain yield. High indirect effect was also exhibited via pod length by most of the traits hence these characters may be given more emphasis while selecting high yield soybean lines. Cluster diagram based on Euclidean dissimilarity revealed three clusters at 50% linkage distance, cluster I consisted 14 genotypes, cluster II 8 and cluster III 11 genotypes. The accessions in the cluster III were of short duration and high yielding having high seed weight.

Character correlation and path coefficient in soybean glycine max (l.) merrill

Terahertz planar antennas for future wireless communication: A technical review

In this paper, the end-to-end performance of a mixed radio frequency (RF)/free space optical (FSO) affected by co-channel interference (CCI), is studied. We consider that the RF link experiences $\eta -\mu $ fading and the FSO link is subjected to atmospheric turbulence, which is modeled by the $\alpha -\mu $ distribution. Also, the statistics of the FSO link is presented for the case of zero and non-zero boresight pointing errors. Furthermore, we assume intensity modulation with direct detection (IM/DD) and coherent demodulation. In particular, we present a closed-form expression for the probability density function of the FSO link, which is then used to obtain a closed-form and an asymptotic expression for the outage probability. In order to quantify the system performance, we utilize this asymptotic result to yield the system’s coding gain and diversity order. Moreover, we have presented analytical expressions for the average bit error rate (BER) and ergodic capacity for the system design. In order to gain more insights, high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) approximations expressions for the BER and ergodic capacity, are also derived. Finally, the analytical results presented in the paper are validated through computer simulations.

On the Effect of Interference and Misalignment Error in Mixed RF/FSO Systems Over Generalized Fading Channels

In this paper, the efiects of two dimensional photonic band gap crystals (electro- magnetic crystal) substrate on the performance of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna at THz (0.64{0.8THz) frequency are simulated. Photonic crystal has been used as substrate material for high gain and highly directional resonant antenna. The bandwidth and gain of the designed antenna is 13.36% and 3.852dB respectively which is very interesting result for this small di- mension antennas. The simulation has been performed using CST Microwave Studio, which is a commercially available electromagnetic simulator based on flnite difierence time domain tech- nique.

THz Rectangular Patch Microstrip Antenna Design Using Photonic Crystal as Substrate

In this paper, we have simulated a rectangular microstrip patch antenna using mul- tilayered dielectric substrate materials at THz frequencies for advanced wireless communication systems. The 10dB impedance bandwidth of the single-pin-shorted microstrip-line fed rectan- gular microstrip patch antenna on multilayered dielectric substrate is 33.67%. The electrical parameters of antenna depend on the structural parameters and feed positions. The simulation of this antenna has been performed by using CST Microwave Studio, which is a commercially available flnite integral based electromagnetic simulator.

THz Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna on Multilayered Substrate for Advance Wireless Communication Systems

Fifty seven genotypes of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) were studied during the year 1997-98 at the Research Farm of Modipuram, Meerut, to observe their phenotypic variability of different quantitative characters. On the determinant character like seed yield partitioning the correlation coefficient into direct or indirect effects provides the information about the nature and magnitude of effects of other characters on the depended character. Path coefficient analysis was carried out as a part of present study considering yield per plant as dependent character. Therefore, positive direct effect on grain yield was exerted by biological yield, number cif pods per plant and harvest index.

Vivek K. Dwivedi

Papers

On the Effect of Interference and Misalignment Error in Mixed RF/FSO Systems Over Generalized Fading Channels

THz Rectangular Patch Microstrip Antenna Design Using Photonic Crystal as Substrate

THz Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna on Multilayered Substrate for Advance Wireless Communication Systems

Path coefficient analysis in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

Physical layer security of a two way relay based mixed FSO/RF network in the presence of multiple eavesdroppers