Showing papers by "Vladimir E. Zakharov published in 1995"
TL;DR: Weak turbulence theory presents a regular method for a statistical description of nonlinear wave interactions as discussed by the authors, and it is shown that the turbulence spectra are highly anisotropic and take the form of "jets" in k-space and the onset of a steady state is nontrivial and sometimes does not occur at all.
100 citations
TL;DR: The common understanding is that science in Russia is now in a state of crisis, but this is an excessively rosy view of its condition, and in recent years science has been subjected to such a series of therapeutic shocks that it would be more accurate to describe its current condition as comatose.
Abstract: In Chinese, the concept of crisis is written with two pictographs, one representing the character \"danger\" and the other signifying \"a way out.\" The common understanding is that science in Russia is now in a state of crisis. This, however, is an excessively rosy view of its condition. In recent years our science has been subjected to such a series of therapeutic shocks that it would be more accurate to describe its current condition as comatose. It is true that the asinine barriers to international scientific cooperation have been removed, and contrived ideological and administrative mechanisms for regulating scientific creativity have been eliminated or weakened, respectively; however, amidst the recent socioeconomic changes, Russian science has encountered the grimmest difficulties which it can scarcely count on overcoming without decisive support from society and the state. In recent years expenditures for scientific research have been cut by a factor of 30 to 50. Science's share of budgetary allocations as a percentage of Russia's gross domestic product has shrunk to an absurdly low 0.5%, a level on par with those of underdeveloped nations. India, Brazil, and Mexico now spend a greater percentage of their budgets on science than we do. In any science library in Russia it is possible to find foreign journals from the period 1941 to 1945; even during the battle for Stalingrad subscriptions to them were not canceled. Today, what meager trickle of foreign scientific literature reaches us is largely thanks to the philanthropic initiatives of the George Soros Foundation. According to the data of the State Committee on Statistics (Goskomstat) only 17% of scientists and scholars are receiving a salary greater than the one officially designated as minimally adequate for survival, whereas the average salary of scientists ranks a solid 10th out of the 11 major categories of employment in Russia. This, of course, is completely out of line with the sophisticated
4 citations
15 Oct 1995
2 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a standard pair of equations is used to describe the behavior of a single monoenergetic particle (proton or electron) population on a geomagnetic flux tube drifting in the magnetosphere.
Abstract: . A standard pair of equations is used to describe the behaviour of a single monoenergetic particle (proton or electron) population on a geomagnetic flux tube drifting in the magnetosphere. When particle losses from the drifting flux tube into the ionosphere are neglected, this behaviour is adiabatic in a thermodynamic sense. For a population of particles with an isotropic pitch-angle distribution, the generalization of that system of equations is obtained by adding radial and azimuthal spatial diffusion terms. The magnetic field is taken to be dipolar in the inner magnetosphere. The potential electric field is assumed to consist of magnetospheric convection and corotation components. Experimental data are used to estimate the radial equatorial profiles of the plasma sheet pressure. Assuming that the local time and L -shell variations are separable and supposing steady-state conditions, the expressions for the diffusion tensor components are evaluated. The influence of spatial diffusion on the radial and azimuthal profiles of the plasma pressure in the inner plasma sheet is also discussed.
1 citations