To study the operational behaviour of λ-terms, we will use the denotational (mathematical) approach. A denotational semantics for a language is based on the choice of a space of semantics values, or denotations, where terms are to be interpreted. Choosing a space with nice mathematical properties can help in proving the semantic properties of terms, since to this aim standard mathematical techniques can be used.

λ Δ -Models

Progress in discovery and structural design of color conversion phosphors for LEDs

A significant amount of energy is consumed to maintain thermal comfort in buildings, a huge portion of which is lost through windows. Smart coating, thin films with spectrally selective properties on the surface of glass, is the innovative solution to the problem. Thermochromic smart windows change their color and optical properties in response to temperature variations. The performance, materials, coating technologies and energy modeling of thermochromic windows are reviewed in the present study. The effect of doping vanadium dioxide (VO2) coatings with different dopants such as tungsten, fluorine, gold nanoparticles and etc. is elaborated. Various deposition techniques, specifically hybrid chemical vapor deposition (AA/APCVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) methods are elucidated. Different dopants and techniques show different results on metal to semiconductor transition (MST) and the critical temperature. The “change in visible and infra-red transmission and reflectance” is the touchstone of performance for the different afforded chromogenic intelligent windows.

Performance, materials and coating technologies of thermochromic thin films on smart windows

从内容编排、栏目设置、插图与版式设计等几个角度对美国普通化学教材Chemistry：The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change的编写特色进行评析，以期对我国同类教材的编写提供参考。

Chemistry:The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change评述

http://epsc.wustl.edu/~alianw/Planetary_Spectroscopy/Papers_pdf/Wang_GCA2006_Mgsulfates.pdf

Sulfates on Mars: A systematic Raman spectroscopic study of hydration states of magnesium sulfates

Vibrational spectra of hexaaqua complexes III. Internal and external motions of the water molecules in the spectra of [Cr(H2O)6]Cl3

A study was conducted to identify concepts about the particulate nature of matter among secondary- and high-school students (N = 187) and to address some misconceptions regarding this topic, especially the misunderstandings related to the vague ideas of the relationship between the macro and micro world. Data were collected using both quantitative (six-item multiple-choice instrument in a pre-test-post-test design) and qualitative (semi-structured focus group interviews) methods. Paired-samples t-test analysis showed that students experienced significantly higher results in the post-test when compared to the pre-test, thus confirming the efficiency of the intervention program in facilitating the understanding of some basic elements of the theory and practice concerning the particulate nature of matter (widely known as particle theory concepts, a term which will be used in this paper as well) among students of different levels of study. The findings revealed seven misconceptions prevalent by more than 20% of students and some additional ones emerged from the in-depth focus group discussions. The analysis of the content of textbooks indicated that some erroneous chemical concepts might have been formed as a result of the teaching of chemistry and that of physics, as well. The use of animations and molecular models had a positive effect on students and pointed to the need of introducing, in the chemistry teaching, the new material more visually.

/pdf/addressing-misconceptions-about-the-particulate-nature-of-1znirxiz1q.pdf

Addressing Misconceptions about the Particulate Nature of Matter among Secondary-School and High-School Students in the Republic of Macedonia

Fourier transform infrared study of perchlorate ( 35 ClO 4 − and 37 ClO 4 − ) anions isomorphously isolated in potassium permanganate matrix. Vibrational anharmonicity and pseudo-symmetry effects

The crystal structures at room (296 K) and low (173 K) temperature of several α-alums have been refined by single-crystal X-ray structure analysis. Many α-alums of known structure are disordered, the sulfate anions occupying one of two possible sites. All those studied here exhibited such disorder and the relative occupancies of the two sites are in excellent agreement with those obtained by Raman spectroscopy, where the ν1(SO4) mode is seen as a doublet owing to the presence of two different types of sulfate ion. No phase transitions were noted on cooling but there is less disorder.

Vladimir M. Petruševski

Papers

Vibrational spectra of hexaaqua complexes III. Internal and external motions of the water molecules in the spectra of [Cr(H2O)6]Cl3

Addressing Misconceptions about the Particulate Nature of Matter among Secondary-School and High-School Students in the Republic of Macedonia

Fourier transform infrared study of perchlorate ( 35 ClO 4 − and 37 ClO 4 − ) anions isomorphously isolated in potassium permanganate matrix. Vibrational anharmonicity and pseudo-symmetry effects

Structure of the alums. I. On the sulfate group disorder in the α-alums

Polarized IR reflectance spectra of the monoclinic single crystal K2Ni(SO4)2.6H2O: dispersion analysis, dielectric and optical properties.