The isolation of graphene has triggered an avalanche of studies into the spin-dependent physical properties of this material, as well as graphene-based spintronic devices Here we review the experimental and theoretical state-of-art concerning spin injection and transport, defect-induced magnetic moments, spin-orbit coupling and spin relaxation in graphene Future research in graphene spintronics will need to address the development of applications such as spin transistors and spin logic devices, as well as exotic physical properties including topological states and proximity-induced phenomena in graphene and other 2D materials

Graphene Spintronics

Organic semiconductors are characterized by a very low spin–orbit interaction, which, together with their chemical flexibility and relatively low production costs, makes them an ideal materials system for spintronics applications. The first experiments on spin injection and transport occurred only a few years ago, and since then considerable progress has been made in improving performance as well as in understanding the mechanisms affecting spin-related phenomena. Nevertheless, several challenges remain in both device performance and fundamental understanding before organic semiconductors can compete with inorganic semiconductors or metals in the development of realistic spintronics applications. In this article we summarize the main experimental results and their connections with devices such as light-emitting diodes and electronic memory devices, and we outline the scientific and technological issues that make organic spintronics a young but exciting field.

Spin routes in organic semiconductors

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Spin Routes in Organic Semiconductors

The origin of the effect that a magnetic field has on various electronic properties of organic semiconductors is still controversial. It is now shown that substituting hydrogen for deuterium in conducting polymers changes the response to a magnetic field substantially, proving the essential part played by hyperfine interaction in this effect.

Isotope effect in spin response of pi-conjugated polymer films and devices.

The chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect was recently established experimentally and theoretically. Here, we review some of the new findings and discuss applications that can result from special properties of this effect, like the reduction of the elastic backscattering in electron transfer through chiral molecules. The CISS effect opens the possibility of using chiral molecules in spintronics applications and for providing a deeper understanding of spin-selective processes in biology.

Chiral-Induced Spin Selectivity Effect.

TOPICAL REVIEW: Organic spintronics

In this paper we review the recent field of organic spintronics, where organic materials are applied as a medium to transport and control spin-polarized signals The contacts for injecting and detecting spins are formed by metals, oxides, or inorganic semiconductors First, the basic concepts of spintronics and organic electronics are addressed and phenomena which are in particular relevant for organic spintronics are highlighted Experiments using different organic materials, including carbon nanotubes, organic thin films, self-assembled monolayers and single molecules are then reviewed Observed magnetoresistance points toward successful spin injection and detection, but spurious magnetoresitance effects can easily be confused with spin accumulation A few studies report long spin relaxation times and lengths, which forms a promising basis for further research We conclude with discussing outstanding questions and problems

W. G. van der Wiel

Papers

TOPICAL REVIEW: Organic spintronics

Organic Spintronics