Recent developments in automation and control technologies for distribution systems offer the potential for utilizing thermal modeling techniques to calculate real-time temperature profiles and load ratings of underground duct bank multicable systems.

Methodology for Real-Time Calculation of Temperature Rise and Dynamic Ratings for Distribution System Duct Banks

Current trends in control centre design

In this paper, a Microcomputer-based simulator for application in small electrical utilities is presented This simulator can be used as an aid to the operator, in a real time simulated environment, for studies, planning and operation decision make. Graphical facilities, data base generation, breakers operation, network conectivity and update of oneIinc diagrams display are included. AIter a description o i the overall structure of the computer package, the main chmwteristics of the several modules are put into evidence. Finally, the hardware and software requirements needed for practical implementation are stablished.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel3/3558/10652/00492837.pdf

Microcomputer-based simulator for small distribution systems

Recentdevelopments in automationandcontrol technologies for distributionsystemsoffer the potentialfor utilizingthermalmodelingtechniquesto calculatereal-timetemperature profiles and loadratingsof underground ductbankmulticablesystems. Thispaperdescribesthealgorithms for calculatingtemperatureprofiles and dynamic ratings of a ductbankcross-section fromonlya fewmeasurements. Thesealgorithms couldbe integrated with other analysisprogramsfor distribution automation, in whichthe traditionalfixednormal andemergencyratings wouldbe replaced bydynamic ratingsbasedon actualtemperature measurements. Introduc tion Substationduct banks are conduitsthrough whichcablescarry power to the power system. Theyareoftenlocatedunderground to reducehazardandcongestion in thesubstation.As a result of placingseveralcablesin a confinedspace,the removalof resistance-generated heat is impaired. Precautions must thereforebe takento ensure that individual andaggregatecableloadsdo not raise conductortemperatures abovesafelimits. In the absenceof forcedcooling, controlof loadis the onlyway to controltemperature. The determinationof presentand futureconductortemperatures thusbecomesan important operational requirement, alongwithan understanding of theeffectof load variationson conductortemperature. Duringthelastseveralyears,manyelectric utilitieshaveimplemented supervisory controland dataacquisition (SCADA)systemsfor monitoring and controlling various functionsin the power distribution system. Significant attentionis alsogivento distribution automationand control (DAC)systemsas a means of usingadvancedcommunicationsand microprocessor controltechnologies to reducedistribution systemlosses, defercapital investment, increasereliability, and better utilizeexistingequipment.In the distribution automationarea,much of the industry's research

Methodology forreal-timecalculation of temperature riseanddynamicratings fordistribution systemductbanks

This paper discusses the network analysis functions that are associated with the Electrical Distribution and Information Control System (EDICS for the real-time monitoring and control of the North York Hydro electrical distribution system. The methods presented can be adapted to any distribution network topology and automated control philosophy. Dynamic color displays are provided to effectively show the electrical state of the network, while a unique analysis method estimates network flows in the presence of circuit loops and feeder parallels. A simulation study subsystem provides a means for the dispatcher to verify the consequences of switching orders before they are issued and to investigate potential overload conditions.

W. O. Stadlin

Papers

Computational Techniques for an Electrical Distribution and Information Control System