A harmonic distortion-based island detection technique for inverter-based distributed generation (IBDG) is proposed. The proposed technique is classified as an active island detection technique and it is based on the voltage change at the point of common coupling (PCC) that occurs in islanding. To avoid island detection failure in case of a close matching between IBDG-generated power and load power, an active power-voltage locus is introduced to shift the reference active power for PCC voltage change, therefore breaking the IBDG-load power balance and transferring the operating point outside the non-detection zone. A new harmonic performance index, named harmonic amplification factor, is introduced to detect the island. This factor amplifies each harmonic component by its order. Besides the ability of detecting short circuit, the proposed technique can discriminate between islanding and other disturbances, as load change, grid voltage distortion and unbalance, and capacitor bank switching. The proposed technique is validated by Matlab/Simulink simulation and practically as well.

Harmonic distortion-based island detection technique for inverter-based distributed generation

Supervisory control and data acquisition SCADA systems are widely used to monitor and control industrial processes. They provide the key functionality of real-time monitoring, logging/archiving, report generation, and automation for smart grid, which is a promising power delivery system for the near future. On the basis of these functionalities, various SCADA architectures, including hardware and software architecture, have been proposed and standardized; however, the most open and expediently growing areas in the smart grid are the infrastructure and technologies for the SCADA communication and security. In this paper, we provide a review for many documented standards in SCADA, and we also review its state-of-the-art communication and security aspects. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

SCADA communication and security issues

Key management issue in SCADA networks: A review

Workstation-based full-graphics technology has fundamentally changed the nature of computerized energy control systems. The proliferation of standards based workstations created an environment that enabled SCADA data to be opened up to an expanded user community within the corporation. Workstation technology has been essential to the emergence of distributed computer system architectures. The existence of UI (user interface) standards has given impetus to independent application specialists to develop products in their chosen area of expertise; the standards have, in effect, created a market for third-party software. This article updates a chapter of the IEEE tutorial 'Fundamentals of Supervisory Systems', which summarized UI architectures and the functionalities typically achieved through the SCADA system's UI facilities. The article briefly describes features of a modern control center's graphical UI and explores some of the ways in which the new technology is being used in everyday operations. >

Modern user interface revolutionizes supervisory systems

Smart Grids (SGs) constitute the evolution of the traditional electrical grid towards a new paradigm, which should increase the reliability, the security and, at the same time, reduce the costs of energy generation, distribution and consumption. Electrical microgrids (MGs) can be considered the first stage of this evolution of the grid, because of the intelligent management techniques that must be applied to assure their correct operation. To accomplish this task, sensors and actuators will be necessary, along with wireless communication technologies to transmit the measured data and the command messages. Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks (WSANs) are therefore a promising solution to achieve an intelligent management of MGs and, by extension, the SG. In this frame, this paper surveys several aspects concerning the application of WSANs to manage MGs and the electrical grid, as well as the communication protocols that could be applied. The main concerns regarding the SG deployment are also presented, including future scenarios where the interoperability of different generation technologies must be assured.

Application of Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks to Achieve Intelligent Microgrids: A Promising Approach towards a Global Smart Grid Deployment

An overview of supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) communication techniques is provided. Modulation techniques, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) and time division multiplexing (TDM), are discussed. Message formats and data transfer are detailed. An update on the development of standards for SCADA systems is given. >

W.R. Block

Papers

SCADA communication techniques and standards