The present invention is directed to perform fine low-voltage control without largely increasing the circuit layout area in a low-power consumption structure. In the case of shifting a region to a low-speed mode, a system controller outputs a request signal and an enable signal to a power switch controller and a low-power drive circuit, respectively, to turn off a power switch and to perform a control so that the voltage level of a virtual reference potential becomes about 0.2 V to about 0.3V. The region operates on voltages between a power supply voltage and a virtual reference potential, so that it is controlled in the low-speed mode.

Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Device

A disposable body-warmer comprising a heat generating composition enclosed in a flat bag, which composition oxidizes and generates heat in the presence of air. The flat bag is air permeable on at least one side thereof so that air pressure in the bag may be reduced with generation of heat in said heat generating composition and is provided with an adhesive layer on one of the both sides. Said heat generating composition contains high performance activated charcoal having an iodine adsorptive performance of 800 to 1200 mg/g and methylene blue decoloring power of 100 to 300 mg/g, whereby temperature rise is quicker and a warmth retaining period is longer than those in the conventional body-warmer.

Disposable body-warmer

The object of the present invention is to provide an optical recording medium which includes a substrate, a first information layer and a second information layer, the first information layer and the second information layer are disposed on the substrate through an intermediate layer in a laminar structure; recording and reproducing is performed on each of the two information layers by laser beam irradiation from the first information layer side; the second information layer is provided with at least a reflective layer, a dielectric layer, and a second dye recording layer formed in this order; and the dielectric layer is formed from any one of materials selected from the group consisting of oxides, nitrides, sulfides, carbides or mixtures thereof from any one of elements which are not same as metal elements and semi-metal elements used for forming the reflective layer.

Optical Recording Medium

Copy-protected optical disk format, optical disk recording apparatus for creating disks having such formats and optical disk reading apparatus for reading disks having such formats and for determining whether the disks are authentic. In one aspect, an authentic optical disk has data bit indications along a spiral centerline of the disk, and these data bit indications define a radial wobble which has substantially greater energy at a predefined frequency fCPW (such as fCC /392) than at a frequency of fCC /196, where fCC is the spatial channel clock frequency. In another aspect, an authorized optical disk has data bit indications along a substantially spiral centerline of the disk, according to a channel clock whose frequency varies across the disk. The disk further has stored thereon an indication of the number of such channel clock cycles which occur along a predetermined test segment of the centerline, optionally together with a pointer to the test segment. Since normal data stream copying techniques do not copy the exact channel clock rates on the disk, and since the copying equipment will inherently introduce its own channel clock variations across the resulting disk, the predetermined test segment on the copy will not have the number of channel clocks as that specified by the data indicating the number of channel clock cycles to expect along the test segment.

Optical disk with copy protection, and apparatus and method for recording and reproducing same

A bicycle drive unit includes a crank axle, a motor, an output member and a torque combining mechanism. The crank axle is rotatable about a first rotational axis. The motor has an output shaft rotatable about a second rotational axis. The output member is rotatable about the first rotational axis in a first rotational direction as the crank axle rotates about the first rotational axis in the first rotational direction. The torque combining mechanism operatively couples the output shaft of the motor to the output member to transmit rotation of the output shaft of the motor to the output member. The torque combining mechanism operatively separates the output shaft of the motor from the output member for preventing rotation of the crank axle from being transmitted to the output shaft of the motor as the crank axle rotates about the first rotational axis in a second rotational direction.

Bicycle drive unit

PURPOSE:To reduce a steady-state deviation by using a detection signal being the result of comparison of a phase of signal components outputted from a resonance circuit to change a resonance frequency of the resonance circuit thereby allowing the resonance frequency to follow up the deviated fundamental frequency. CONSTITUTION:A transfer circuit 1 supplying an error signal to a controlled system 2, a resonance circuit 3 whose resonance characteristic is changed by a detection signal of a phase comparator 4, and adders 5, 6 are provided. A control command Xreff consists of a DC component outputted from the error signal detector and a deviated fundamental component A(t) of a rotary recording medium and most of components are the deviated fundamental component comprising periodic function (A sin omegat). In the phase characteristic of the resonance circuit 3, it is known that the phase is inverted by 180 deg. around the resonance frequency omega0, the deviated fundamental component of the rotary recording medium and the output phase of the resonance circuit 3 are compared, its detection signal controls the resonance circuit to control the frequency omega of the deviation fundamental component and the resonance frequency omega0 of the resonance circuit 3 are always made coincident. Thus, a very low steady-state deviation is obtained.

Servo system for rotary recording medium

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reproduce the data only once without dealing with it in a reproducing device side by using raw material melting with heat due to irradiation of a prescribed laser beam to a data recording track as a metallic film and using the raw material not diffusing the heat due to the irradiation of the laser beam to the peripheral metallic film with deformation or evaporation due to surface tension when the raw material is melted. SOLUTION: An optical disk 10 is constituted so that the metallic film 12, a protection film 13 are formed in this order on a translucent synthetic resin material substrate 11, and the data recording track of a pit P is formed using a master disk. As the metallic film 12, solder, etc., melting with a heating action by the laser beam at a reproducing time and not diffusing the heat to the periphery with the deformation or the evaporation due to the surface tension of the raw material when the material is melted is used. Further, the film thickness of the metallic film 12 is set uniformly in an extent melting with the irradiation laser beam, and relatively hard resin is used for the protection film 13. Thus, the metallic film 12 emitted with the laser beam excepting an unreproduced part is deformed, and a recording signal isn't reproduced from a next time.

Optical recording medium

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To convert power generated from natural energy and adapt the specifications thereof to power supply buses before the power is supplied. SOLUTION: When the value of a comparison output signal 26 is lower than a specified threshold based on a voltage waveform signal 39, a reference signal control portion 14 exercises such feedback control as to reduce the power supplied to power supply buses 17 and lower the output level of a reference level signal 25. Consequently, the voltage on the power supply buses 17 and the current supplied to the power supply buses from a power converter 1 are made analogous to each other, and thus power is supplied with the power factor being substantially 1 regardless of the waveform of power transmitted through the power supply buses.

Method and apparatus for power conversion

PURPOSE:To detect a position of an objective lens in the focusing direction and the tracking direction and its skew by refracting parts of a reflected laser beam and an emitted laser beam with a half mirror mounted on a biaxial drive mechanism together with the objective lens and detecting their light quantities with photodetectors respectively. CONSTITUTION:The objective lens 4 and the half mirror 5 are integrally combined on an optical axis of the emitted laser beam as in the focusing direction, and are provided on the biaxial drive mechanism 6 for driving them in the focusing direction and the tracking direction. By the mirror 5 provided on the mechanism 6, the parts refracted out of the reflected laser beam and the emitted laser beam respectively are detected by the photodetectors 7 and 8, and the position of the lens 4 in the focusing direction Z and the tracking direction Y and the skew are precisely detected. Subsequently, after driving the lens 4 into a reference position by the mechanism 6 in accordance with a detecting result, a focusing/tracking error is detected.

Optical pickup device

PURPOSE:To improve the interchangeability by applying a prescribed input switch operations to a data processing part and a control signal processing part provided separate from each other based on the identification result of a recording format or a magneto-optical disk or a ROM disk CONSTITUTION:A data processing part demodulates the reproduction data signal through a demodulation processing part out of those signals detected out of an optical disk by the detectors H and I and outputs the reproduction data Meanwhile a control signal processing part 9 processes the control signals and outputs various control signals Then the switch circuits 5a - 5e are controlled to perform the switching operations according to the type of the optical disk, to supply the reproduction data signal to a data processing part out of those detection output signals, and to supply the control signal to the part 9 In such a constitution, a signal processing circuit is obtained

Wachi Shigeaki

Papers

Servo system for rotary recording medium

Optical recording medium

Method and apparatus for power conversion

Optical pickup device

Signal processing circuit for optical recording/ reproducing device