Heterojunction photocatalysts are very promising for solar hydrogen production due to their high efficiency in photo-driven charge generation and separation. A C3N4/ZnO heterostructure nanocomposite harvests a wide range of solar light from the UV and visible regions and retains a high redox potential due to its Z-scheme band structure. However, since both C3N4 and ZnO have sufficiently high conduction band energies to drive hydrogen photoreduction, a type II heterojunction is more beneficial for enhancing the hydrogen production efficiency in the current system. In this study, we first demonstrated the charge transfer mechanism switching from the Z-scheme to type II by simple boron (B) doping of C3N4/ZnO. The doping of C3N4 with low-electronegativity boron increases its Fermi level by 0.4 V, making it even higher than that of ZnO. As a result, the Fermi level alignment of B-doped C3N4 with ZnO causes a reversed band bending direction at the C3N4/ZnO junction. The resultant charge transfer switching from the Z-scheme (C3N4/ZnO) to type II (B-doped C3N4/ZnO) was confirmed by UPS and ESR analysis. Type II B-doped C3N4/ZnO shows a stable, drastic increase in the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate, approximately 2.9 times higher than that of undoped C3N4/ZnO. The decreased bandgap energy of B-doped C3N4/ZnO also contributes to an additional improvement in efficiency through enhanced light harvesting. Our work presents a simple but effective strategy to design highly capable heterojunction photocatalysts via charge transfer switching with a doping method.

Boron doping induced charge transfer switching of a C3N4/ZnO photocatalyst from Z-scheme to type II to enhance photocatalytic hydrogen production

利用Ni(OH) x 助催化剂修饰提高g-C 3 N 4 纳米片/WO 3 纳米棒Z型纳米体系的可见光产氢活性的研究

Electronic structure of active sites plays a crucial role in redox catalysts. Herein, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) decorated with metallic MoO2 heterojunction nanocomposites were successfully synthesized through a facile calcination route. XPS, UPS, UV–vis and PL spectra results suggest electron transfer from the conduction band (CB) of g-C3N4 to unfilled π* band of metallic MoO2 in the metal-semiconductor heterojunction. The electron transfer ensures high intrinsic oxidative desulfurization activity for MoO2/g-C3N4 composites. Radical scavenger experiments indicate that the electron transfer facilitates the enrichment of electron density around Mo active sites and control the rate-determining step of oxidative desulfurization. The approach can be extended to other low valent transition metal oxides possessing d electrons for enhanced catalytic activity in redox reactions.

Electronic structure of heterojunction MoO2/g-C3N4 catalyst for oxidative desulfurization

Photocatalytic degradation of levofloxacin by ternary Ag2CO3/CeO2/AgBr photocatalyst under visible-light irradiation: Degradation pathways, mineralization ability, and an accelerated interfacial charge transfer process study

In the pursuit towards the use of sunlight as a sustainable source for energy generation and environmental remediation, photocatalytic water splitting and photocatalytic pollutant degradation have recently gained significant importance. Research in this field is aimed at solving the global energy crisis and environmental issues in an ecologically-friendly way by using two of the most abundant natural resources, namely sunlight and water. Over the past few years, carbon-based nanocomposites, particularly graphene and graphitic carbon nitride, have attracted much attention as interesting materials in this field. Due to their unique chemical and physical properties, carbon-based nanocomposites have made a substantial contribution towards the generation of clean, renewable and viable forms of energy from light-based water splitting and pollutant removal. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the recent research progress in the field of energy generation and environmental remediation using two-dimensional carbon-based nanocomposites. It begins with a brief introduction to the field, basic principles of photocatalytic water splitting for energy generation and environmental remediation, followed by the properties of carbon-based nanocomposites. Then, the development of various graphene-based nanocomposites for the above-mentioned applications is presented, wherein graphene plays different roles, including electron acceptor/transporter, cocatalyst, photocatalyst and photosensitizer. Subsequently, the development of different graphitic carbon nitride-based nanocomposites as photocatalysts for energy and environmental applications is discussed in detail. This review concludes by highlighting the advantages and challenges involved in the use of two-dimensional carbon-based nanocomposites for photocatalysis. Finally, the future perspectives of research in this field are also briefly mentioned.

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Two-dimensional carbon-based nanocomposites for photocatalytic energy generation and environmental remediation applications

Synthesis of g-C 3 N 4 /CeO 2 nanocomposites with improved catalytic activity on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate

The invention discloses a preparation method of a mesoporous graphite-phase carbon nitride material. The material is prepared by using a monocyanamide water solution as a raw material and nano colloid SiO2 as a template by a hard template process. The preparation method comprises the following steps: adding nano colloid oxidized SiO2 into a monocyanamide water solution, stirring uniformly, drying and calcining to obtain light yellow powder; putting the powder into an NH4HF2 solution, and stirring to remove the SiO2 template; and washing, and drying to obtain the mesoporous graphite-phase carbon nitride (mpg-C3H4) material. Compared with the common blocky graphite-phase carbon nitride (g-C3H4) material, the mesoporous graphite-phase carbon nitride (mpg-C3H4) material has larger specific area, and thus, has better catalytic effect on thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate. The preparation method has the advantages of simple technical operation, wide raw material sources and high preparation efficiency.

Preparation method of mesoporous graphite-phase carbon nitride material

The invention discloses a g-C3N4/NiFe2O4 composite material, as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the field of material preparation and energetic materials. The composition material is prepared by compositing g-C3N4 and nano NiFe2O4 at mass ratio of 99:1 to 90:10. The preparation method comprises the following steps: putting the nano NiFe2O4 in an ethanol solution to perform ultrasonic dispersion, adding the g-C3N4, performing the ultrasonic dispersion, continuously stirring in an ultrasonic procedure, slowly grinding the materials in an agate mortar to be pasty, drying the pasty material in a vacuum drying oven, roasting the dried material in a tube furnace to obtain the g-C3N4/NiFe2O4 composite material. The prepared g-C3N4/NiFe2O4 composite material shows excellent catalytic effect to thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate, so that the application field of graphite-phase carbon nitride is widened; according to the preparation method, the resource of the raw material is wide, the preparation process is simple, the production time is short and the preparation efficiency is high.

G-C3N4/NiFe2O4 composite material, as well as preparation method and application thereof

The traditional unscented kalman filter (UKF) algorithm is used to estimate the state of charge (SOC) of the lithium battery, it has better estimation effect, and less amount of calculation. However, this algorithm also has its limitations, It can only be used when the statistical properties of observation noise and process noise are known. This paper proposes an adaptive unscented Kalman filter (AUKF) algorithm to solve these problems based on an adaptive algorithm and an unscented kalman filter strategy. The AUKF can use the noise statistical estimator to revise the unknown or inaccurate noise statistical properties in real time. According to the experimental results, it has been shown that the AUKF stronger convergence speed and stability than the traditional UKF.

Wang Shanbin

Papers

Synthesis of g-C 3 N 4 /CeO 2 nanocomposites with improved catalytic activity on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate

Preparation method of mesoporous graphite-phase carbon nitride material

G-C3N4/NiFe2O4 composite material, as well as preparation method and application thereof

SOC Estimation of LiFePO4 Battery with Dual Adaptive Unscented Kalman Filter