In this study, the spatial variations of soil water and heat under bare land (BL), natural snow (NS), compacted snow (CS) and thick snow (TS) treatments were analyzed. The relationship curve between soil temperature and water content conforms to the exponential filtering model, by means of the functional form of the model, it was defined as soil water and heat relation function model. On this basis, soil water and heat function models of 10, 20, 40, 60, 100, and 140 cm were established. Finally, a spatial variation law of the relationship effect was described based on analysising of the differences between the predicted and measured results. During freezing period, the effects of external factors on soil were hindered by snow cover. As the snow increased, the accuracy of the function model gradually improved. During melting period, infiltration by snowmelt affected the relationship between the soil temperature and moisture. With the increasing of snow, the accuracy of the function models gradually decreased. The relationship effects of soil water and heat increased with increasing depth within the frozen zone. In contrast, below the frozen layer, the relationship of soil water and heat was weaker, and the function models were less accurate.

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Effects of soil water and heat relationship under various snow cover during freezing-thawing periods in Songnen Plain, China.

Responses of soil total phosphorus to freeze and thaw cycles in a Mollisol watershed

To reveal the influencing factors and changing rules for the hydrothermal interaction process of highway subgrade, the field measurements of Shiwei-Labudalin Highway in Inner Mongolia, China was conducted for 3 years, based on which the freezing-thawing rules and water content changing characteristics were analyzed. The main results show the subgrade presents a frequent freezing-thawing alternation, and the water content of subgrade exhibits an obvious seasonal alternation. The subbase has the maximum water content, while the base has the minimum water content. The change of water flux is concentrated in the thawing period and consistent with the change of temperature gradient. The subbase layer has the most active water flux due to the heat absorption and impermeability of pavement that easily causes the water accumulation in this layer. Therefore, the prevention and treatment for the freezing-thawing disease should be started from heat insulation and water resistance.

In-situ experiment investigations of hydrothermal process of highway in deep seasonal frozen soil regions of Inner Mongolia, China

"value chain"was put forward by Professor Michael E.Porter at the business school of Harvard University in his book"Competitive Advantage"in 1985,which is regarded as an effective model of strategy analysis.It has already been incorporated and absorbed extensively in many fields.This text introduces the theory of the value chain briefly and expatiate applications of theory of value chain in pharmaceutical industry,including the main train of thoughts,course and method on value chain analysis of pharmaceutical industry,and how to determine the advantageous competition strategy on the basis of value chain analysis.

Applications of analysis method of value chain in pharmaceutical industry

To address the difficulties of the complexity and the quantitative description of spatial non-homogeneity in the process of freezing and thawing of soil moisture migration, taking the unfrozen water as the research object, and using geostatistics to study the spatial variability characteristics of unfrozen soil water in different freezing and thawing stages. The results show that different freezing and thawing stages of unfrozen soil water has good spatial structure and strong spatial correlation, and it has a strong spatial redistribution effect on soil moisture. The application of geostatistics provides a new train of thought for in-depth study on freezing-thawing process of soil moisture transport mechanism.

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Research on Spatial Variability Characteristics of Black Soil Unfrozen Water in Songnen Plain during Freezing-Thawing Period

For solving the difficult problems of quantitative description on migration complexity and spatial inhomogeneity of seasonal frozen soil moisture during frozen-thaw process,soil moisture profile of different stages in seasonal frozen soil region was taken as the research object and geostatistics was performed to study its spatial variabilityThe results indicated that soil profile moisture of different stages had good spatial structure and strong spatial correlationSeasonal frozen-thaw process weakened the spatial correlation of soil profile moisture and had intense spatial redistribution effects on itThe application of geostatistics can provide a new thought and method for the research on soil moisture migration mechanism during frozen-thaw process in seasonal frozen soil region

Spatial Variability of Soil Moisture Profile in Seasonal Frozen Soil Region in Different Stages

Based on the analysis of characteristics of high-tech enterprises in each stages of the industry life cycle, this paper identify the key value drivers of each stage in the life cycle, and set up evaluating index system of high-tech enterprise based on industry life cycle. Then take high-tech enterprises in the stage of growing period for example, using the evaluation index system of high-tech enterprises in growth stage designed above, this paper established a comprehensive assessment model of the high-tech enterprises' value in growth stage based on the analytic network process (ANP). With the 35 information technology listed companies in sample, the sample company's value was evaluated to test the validity of the evaluation index system and the comprehensive assessment model in the stage of growing period.

Wang Xiao-wei

Papers

Spatial Variability of Soil Moisture Profile in Seasonal Frozen Soil Region in Different Stages

Evaluation of high-tech enterprises' value based on the industry life cycle