The smart grid is an innovative energy network that will improve the conventional electrical grid network to be more reliable, cooperative, responsive, and economical. Within the context of the new capabilities, advanced data sensing, communication, and networking technology will play a significant role in shaping the future of the smart grid. The smart grid will require a flexible and efficient framework to ensure the collection of timely and accurate information from various locations in power grid to provide continuous and reliable operation. This article presents a tutorial on the sensor data collection, communications, and networking issues for the smart grid. First, the applications of data sensing in the smart grid are reviewed. Then, the requirements for data sensing and collection, the corresponding sensors and actuators, and the communication and networking architecture are discussed. The communication technologies and the data communication network architecture and protocols for the smart grid are described. Next, different emerging techniques for data sensing, communications, and sensor data networking are reviewed. The issues related to security of data sensing and communications in the smart grid are then discussed. To this end, the standardization activities and use cases related to data sensing and communications in the smart grid are summarized. Finally, several open issues and challenges are outlined. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Smart grid sensor data collection, communication, and networking: a tutorial

The Smart Grid (SG) is a technological transformation from conventional electric grid, electro-mechanically controlled system, to smart, intelligent, and electronically controlled system called the “Smart Grid” (SG). There are about 20–30% losses present in the conventional electric grid due to substandard operations at generation, transmission and distribution side. The major players in the transformation are: (a) increased electricity cost, (b) aging infrastructure, (c) carbon footprint, (d) Green House Gas emissions, (e) climate change, and (f) less efficient electrical network. The promising features of the Smart Grid are: (a) intelligent de-centralized control, (b) resilience, (c) flexibility, (d) sustainability, (e) digitalization, (f) intelligence, (g) consumer empowerment, (h) green energy, and (i) smart infrastructure. The fundamental issues and open challenges in the SG are lack of awareness, consumer acceptance, cyber terrorism, data collection management, energy metering, dynamic optimization and energy control. Considering above, in this paper, a comprehensive review exploring information of development, technologies, and techniques in the SG. The main goal is to investigate and reveal the key enabling technologies, to obtain better picture about the current status of SG development. The focus areas of this review study are Architectural Model focusing Consumer Empowerment (CE), Demand Response Program (DRP), and Demand Side Management (DSM). Our survey discusses in detail the Communication Technologies, such as Wireless Advance Metering Infrastructure (AMI), Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU), Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA), and Machine to Machine Communication (M2M). The power systems such as Micro Grid, Nano Grid, Pico Grid, Inter Grid, Virtual Power Plants, and Distributed Generation are also elaborated in this review study. Renewable Energy Resources (RERs) Integration with the SG and Integration issues related to Distributed generation (DG) are presented in this survey. This survey also analyzes Architectural Model of the Smart Grid focusing consumer empowerment and prosumers interaction. The aim of this study is to provide deep understanding of technologies and their applications in the SG.

A survey on consumers empowerment, communication technologies, and renewable generation penetration within Smart Grid

Hybrid-cloud-based data processing for power system monitoring in smart grids

The present document relates to a transmitting optical network element (100) with an encrypting entity (110) comprising: an interface for receiving key information from a key management entity (10); storage means for storing a public key received by the key management entity (10) wherein the public key is associated with a receiving optical network element (200) being connected to the transmitting optical network element (100) via an optical network (300) in order to transmit data; a key generation entity (120) configured for generating a symmetric encryption key; wherein the transmitting optical network element (100) is adapted to: encrypt a received payload to be transmitted to the receiving optical network element (200) using the generated symmetric encryption key; and encrypt the generated symmetric encryption key using the public key of the receiving optical network element (200); transmit the encrypted payload and the encrypted symmetric encryption key via an optical network (300) to the receiving optical network element (200).

Adaptive traffic encryption for optical networks

Registration method of ONU in GPON system

Equipment authentication method of Ethernet passive optical network (EPON) and system thereof

In electrical power industry, the objectives of smart-grid development can technically reach through the advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), advanced distribution operation (ADO), advanced transmission operation (ATO) and advanced asset management (AAM). This paper addresses the security issues that arise in the communication systems of AMI and ADO using Ethernet Passive Optical Networks (EPON). The communication system architecture with access control mechanism is described. Following the standard registration procedure and based on the challenge-response identification protocol, the mutual device authentication between the OLT and the ONU is also implemented.

Wang Yirong

Papers

Equipment authentication method of Ethernet passive optical network (EPON) and system thereof

Access Control For Distribution Automation Using Ethernet Passive Optical Network