Diagnostic criteria for 14 psychiatric illnesses (and for secondary depression) along with the validating evidence for these diagnostic categories comes from workers outside our group as well as from those within; it consists of studies of both outpatients and inpatients, of family studies, and of follow-up studies. These criteria are the most efficient currently available; however, it is expected that the criteria be tested and not be considered a final, closed system. It is expected that the criteria will change as various illnesses are studied by different groups. Such criteria provide a framework for comparison of data gathered in different centers, and serve to promote communication between investigators.

https://jamanetwork.com/HttpHandlers/ArticlePdfHandler.ashx?journal=PSYCH&articleId=490573&pdfFileName=archpsyc_26_1_011.pdf

Diagnostic criteria for use in psychiatric research.

ContextWhile recent pharmacological advances have generated
increased public interest and demand for clinical services regarding
erectile dysfunction, epidemiologic data on sexual dysfunction are
relatively scant for both women and men.ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence and risk of experiencing sexual
dysfunction across various social groups and examine the determinants
and health consequences of these disorders.DesignAnalysis of data from the National Health and Social Life
Survey, a probability sample study of sexual behavior in a
demographically representative, 1992 cohort of US adults.ParticipantsA national probability sample of 1749 women and 1410
men aged 18 to 59 years at the time of the survey.Main Outcome MeasuresRisk of experiencing sexual dysfunction as
well as negative concomitant outcomes.ResultsSexual dysfunction is more prevalent for women (43%) than
men (31%) and is associated with various demographic characteristics,
including age and educational attainment. Women of different racial
groups demonstrate different patterns of sexual dysfunction.
Differences among men are not as marked but generally consistent with
women. Experience of sexual dysfunction is more likely among women and
men with poor physical and emotional health. Moreover, sexual
dysfunction is highly associated with negative experiences in sexual
relationships and overall well-being.ConclusionsThe results indicate that sexual dysfunction is an
important public health concern, and emotional problems likely
contribute to the experience of these problems.

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/188762/JOC80785.pdf

Sexual dysfunction in the United States: prevalence and predictors.

Impotence and its medical and psychosocial correlates: results of the Massachusetts Male Aging Study.

Contemporary mate preferences can provide important clues to human reproductive history. Little is known about which characteristics people value in potential mates. Five predictions were made about sex differences in human mate preferences based on evolutionary conceptions of parental investment, sexual selection, human reproductive capacity, and sexual asymmetries regarding certainty of paternity versus maternity. The predictions centered on how each sex valued earning capacity, ambition— industriousness, youth, physical attractiveness, and chastity. Predictions were tested in data from 37 samples drawn from 33 countries located on six continents and five islands (total N = 10,047). For 27 countries, demographic data on actual age at marriage provided a validity check on questionnaire data. Females were found to value cues to resource acquisition in potential mates more highly than males. Characteristics signaling reproductive capacity were valued more by males than by females. These sex differences may reflect different evolutionary selection pressures on human males and females; they provide powerful cross-cultural evidence of current sex differences in reproductive strategies. Discussion focuses on proximate mechanisms underlying mate preferences, consequences for human intrasexual competition, and the limitations of this study.

/pdf/sex-differences-in-human-mate-preferences-evolutionary-227sbaq8b2.pdf

Sex differences in human mate preferences: Evolutionary hypotheses tested in 37 cultures

This article proposes a contextual-evolutionary theory of human mating strategies. Both men and women are hypothesized to have evolved distinct psychological mechanisms that underlie short-term and long-term strategies. Men and women confront different adaptive problems in short-term as opposed to long-term mating contexts. Consequently, different mate preferences become activated from their strategic repertoires. Nine key hypotheses and 22 predictions from Sexual Strategies Theory are outlined and tested empirically. Adaptive problems sensitive to context include sexual accessibility, fertility assessment, commitment seeking and avoidance, immediate and enduring resource procurement, paternity certainty, assessment of mate value, and parental investment. Discussion summarizes 6 additional sources of behavioral data, outlines adaptive problems common to both sexes, and suggests additional contexts likely to cause shifts in mating strategy.

Sexual Strategies Theory: An Evolutionary Perspective on Human Mating

When published in 1948 this volume encountered a storm of condemnation and acclaim. It is, however, a milestone on the path toward a scientific approach to the understanding of human sexual behavior. Dr. Alfred C. Kinsey and his fellow researchers sought to accumulate an objective body of facts regarding sex. They employed first hand interviews to gather this data. This volume is based upon histories of approximately 5,300 males which were collected during a fifteen year period. This text describes the methodology, sampling, coding, interviewing, statistical analyses, and then examines factors and sources of sexual outlet.

Wardell B. Pomeroy

Papers

Sexual behavior in the human male

Sexual Behavior in the Human Female

Sexual Behavior in the Human Male

Sexual Behavior in the Human Male

Pregnancy, Birth and Abortion