1Foundations of adventure therapy Gass 2The wilderness challenge model Kimball & Bacon 5Programming applications of adventure therapy Gass 13The wilderness as therapy: The value of using adventure programs in therapeutic assessment Kimball 23Enhancing metaphor development in adventure therapy programs Gass Handley, R. (1992). The wilderness within: Wilderness enhanced programs for behaviour disordered adolescents A cybernetic systemic model. Port Kembla, New South Wales, Australia: A paper presented to the fourth national conference on children with emotional or behaviour problems. Pinkard, J. (1996). Mapping out the territory: Beyond isomorphs and metaphors in adventure based programs. The Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Leadership,13, (1), 1114. Gass, M. (1995). Book of Metaphors, Vol 2 Dubuque, IA: Kendall Hunt. 38Ethical principles for the therapeutic adventure professional group Gass 15A group development model for adventure therapy programs McPhee & Gass Gillis, H.L. & Thomsen, D. (1996). A research update(1992-1995) of adventure therapy: Challenge activities and ropes course, wilderness expeditions, & residential camping programs. Unpublished manuscript. Davis-Berman, J. & Berman, Wilderness Therapy History Page 1 of 4 Syllabus PSY 667 ADVENTURE THERAPY Spring 1997

Adventure therapy: Therapeutic applications of adventure programming

We present a treatment program (The Family Wheel) designed to integrate wilderness therapy interventions with family therapy for the treatment of troubled adolescents. The Family Wheel program was conducted in the high desert of southern Idaho. Participation in this four-day program required parents and their adolescent children to engage in an intensive experiential family therapy while camping and trekking in the wilderness. An evaluation of the program revealed positive outcomes for the programs' participants. The theory, research, and pragmatics of conducting such an innovative program are discussed.

Wilderness Family Therapy: An Innovative Treatment Approach for Problem Youth

This article presents a review of the literature on conjugal and sexual functioning in elderly people. A synthesis of aging effects on the physiology of sexuality is first presented. The impact of aging on the appearance of sexual dysfunctions is also discussed. Psychological factors, which also play a role in the impact of aging on sexual functioning, are presented. Special attention is paid to the impact of attitudes on sexuality in the course of aging. The question concerning conjugal functioning during retirement is also presented. Different points of view and research results on conjugal satisfaction during retirement are presented. Finally, some studies on intervention methods aimed at the improvement of conjugal and sexual functioning during retirement are presented. In general, we suggest that such interventions would have an impact on the life of elderly people given that, during retirement, conjugal functioning becomes the main focus of people's life.

Marital and sexual aspects of old age

Oppression is defined and identified as the basis of a considerable range of psychopathology. An exploratory transcultural model of counseling based on oppression is introduced with the goal of serving both oppressed and oppressive clients. Perception, as perspicacity, is the key to this exploratory model. The authors suggest that oppressed persons generally possess a considerable degree of perception of their oppressors even though they may be unaware of it. Research from the literature on depressive realism is used to infer support. Counseling approaches to oppressed persons are introduced including a new approach to cognitive therapy and an emphasis on liberation rather than adjustment. Counseling approaches to oppressors are also discussed based on the rehabilitation of empathy and perception.

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The Power of Perception: Toward a Model of Cultural Oppression and Liberation

Background: There is a paucity of research in attitudes of care staff in residential and nursing homes regarding sexuality and older people in the United Kingdom. Aims: To investigate the attitudes of care staff in residential and nursing homes regarding residents' sexuality. Design: A descriptive questionnaire survey using the attitudinal part of the Aging Sexual Knowledge and Attitudes Scale (ASKAS). Participants and setting: Care staff in all residential and nursing homes in the Borough of Broxtowe in Nottingham. Results: 234 valid research questionnaires were returned giving a response rate of 54%; the mean total ASKAS score was 60, which reflects moderately positive and permissive attitudes towards later life sexuality. There was no difference in ASKAS score between care staff of residential and nursing homes; however, nurses in nursing homes were more negative and restrictive than nurses in residential homes (p < 0.01). Managers in all care homes were more positive and permissive than nurse...

Nottingham study of sexuality and ageing (NoSSA II). Attitudes of care staff regarding sexuality and residents: A study in residential and nursing homes

A rationale is presented for using adventure activities in group counseling. Two case examples are used to describe the adaptation of these activities to group counseling with couples and single-parent-adolescent families.

Group Counseling with Couples or Families: Adding Adventure Activities.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the acquisition of knowledge and change in attitudes of 28 participants in a course on sexuality and aging. A pre- and post- test administered to the experimental group showed a significant increase in knowledge about sexual aging, whereas the control group did not. A trend toward a more liberal viewpoint occurred in the attitudes of the experimental group while the control group showed no change. The authors concluded that knowledge about sexuality and aging is limited, but a fourteen-hour course can increase the knowledge significantly. There is also evidence of change toward a more liberal attitude, with the majority of course participants feeling more able to deal openly with the elderly in helping them with sexual problems.

Results of Sex Education for Support Persons Working with the Elderly

Utilizing Adventure Activities with Intact Groups: A Sociodramatic Systems Approach to Consultation.

Freud, ESP, and Interpersonal Relationships: Projective Identification and the Mobius Interaction.

This article describes a counseling group comprised of people concerned with elderly family members and challenges counselors to meet the need for similar groups.

Warren C. Bonney

Papers

Group Counseling with Couples or Families: Adding Adventure Activities.

Results of Sex Education for Support Persons Working with the Elderly

Utilizing Adventure Activities with Intact Groups: A Sociodramatic Systems Approach to Consultation.

Freud, ESP, and Interpersonal Relationships: Projective Identification and the Mobius Interaction.

Counseling families of the elderly: A group experience