Note on Translation Introduction by Michael Holquist Response to a Question from the Novy Mir Editorial Staff The Bildungsroman and Its Significance in the History of Realism (Toward a Historical Typology of the Novel) The Problem of Speech Genres The Problem of the Text in Linguistics, Philology, and the Human Sciences: An Experiment in Philosophical Analysis From Notes Made in 1970-71 Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences Index

Speech Genres and Other Late Essays

A poetics of postmodernism: History, theory, fiction

The reader had long been neglected in the history of western literature. This situation began changing in 60s of the 20 th century when literary critics turned their attention to reader. In order to observe the aesthetic activities and response in the reading process, the theorists of reception-response put forward some models of reader. Wolfgang Iser, a scholar of aesthetic response,presents a concept of "the implied reader"after studying the other models carefully.He thinks that"the implied reader"exists in the predispositions of the text and the actualizing acts of the reader.The study of the reader typology is conducive to show the advantage of Iserian type and its present significance.

On"The Implied Reader

What hath Harvey wrought? In 1932 Sir Paul Harvey edited the first version of this “useful companion to ordinary everyday readers of English literature” (Harvey 1932, p.v). Harvey provided a guide to writers, some of their writings, some allusions, places, and some other information pertinent to an informed appreciation of English literature. Because of the nature of the work—the one‐volume companion—Harvey made the decision to eschew “Completeness in a moderate compass, and the equipment of a specialist at all points” (ibid.).

The Oxford Companion to English Literature

The Great Tradition

Intertextuality can be considered as a complex process of intertwined influences and relationships of texts, authors, genres and the outside world. Gerard Genette uses the term „transtextuality‟ rather than that of intertextuality, and proposes five types: Intertextuality, paratextuality, architextuality, metatextuality, and hypotextuality. There are several examples of intertextuality in Wives and Daughters. For instance, in naming the governess of Molly Gibson Miss Eyre, Elizabeth Gaskell is, according to the five „transtextuality‟ subparts of Gerard Genette, making use of hypotextuality (Genette 1996, 2007). The interest in the paper is mostly focused on the novel of Mrs. Gaskell Wives and Daughters which is not only a work of fiction but beyond that it is about metafiction, so what is intertextuality? How does the writer use the techniques of this concept? And of course for what purpose? According to Lodge, intertextuality “is not, or not necessarily, a merely decorative addition to a text, but sometimes a crucial factor in its conception and composition” (1992: 102). One may formulate it differently; intertextuality helps to shape a work of art and not only to embellish it, therefore it determines form and content.

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Wassila Hamza-Reguig Mouro

Papers

Metafiction in the Feminine Novel: Elizabeth Gaskell’s Wives and Daughters and Virginia Woolf’s Orlando