There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

The ongoing diffusion of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies is opening new possibilities, and one of the most remarkable applications is associated with the smart city paradigm, which is continuously evolving. In general, it can be defined as the integration of IoT and Information Communication Technologies (ICT) into city management, with the aim of addressing the exponential growth of urbanization and population, thus significantly increasing people’s quality of life. The smart city paradigm is also strictly connected to sustainability aspects, taking into account, for example, the reduction of environmental impact of urban activities, the optimized management of energy resources, and the design of innovative services and solution for citizens. Abiding by this new paradigm, several cities started a process of strong innovation in different fields (such as mobility and transportation, industry, health, tourism, and education), thanks to significant investments provided by stakeholders and the European Commission (EC). In this paper, we analyze key aspects of an IoT infrastructure for smart cities, outlining the innovations implemented in the city of Parma (Emilia Romagna region, Italy) as a successful example. Special attention is dedicated to the theme of smart urban mobility.

IoT-Enabled Smart Sustainable Cities: Challenges and Approaches

The distributed energy system (DES) architecture is subject to confusion about renewable energy limits, primary energy supply and energy carriers' costs. For the grid to use unreliable electricity sources, the end-user's on-demand presence in the intelligent energy management context is essential. The participation of end-users could influence the management of the system and the volatility of energy prices. By delivering auxiliary services using demand side-resource to increase system reliability, robust planning, constraint control and scheduling, consumers may support grid operators. The optimized approach to managing energy resources enhances demand response to renewable energy sources integrally, controls the demand curve with load versatility as the system requires it. The opportunity to adjust/regulate the charging profile by choosing a particular device. This article discusses a literature and policy analysis that looks at the role of energy management system aggregators and the end-users participating in subsidiary systems within Smart Grid programmers and technologies. In the implementation of aggregators for energy management systems, the objective is to understand the patterns, threats, obstacles and potential obstacles.

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Energy Management for Internet of Things via Distributed Systems

The development of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology and their integration in smart cities have changed the way we work and live, and enriched our society. However, IoT technologies present several challenges such as increases in energy consumption, and produces toxic pollution as well as E-waste in smart cities. Smart city applications must be environmentally-friendly, hence require a move towards green IoT. Green IoT leads to an eco-friendly environment, which is more sustainable for smart cities. Therefore, it is essential to address the techniques and strategies for reducing pollution hazards, traffic waste, resource usage, energy consumption, providing public safety, life quality, and sustaining the environment and cost management. This survey focuses on providing a comprehensive review of the techniques and strategies for making cities smarter, sustainable, and eco-friendly. Furthermore, the survey focuses on IoT and its capabilities to merge into aspects of potential to address the needs of smart cities. Finally, we discuss challenges and opportunities for future research in smart city applications.

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Green IoT for Eco-Friendly and Sustainable Smart Cities: Future Directions and Opportunities

Faults in smart grid systems: Monitoring, detection and classification

Smart cities have an attracted extensive and emerging interest from both science and industry with an increasing number of international examples emerging from all over the world. The promising and increasing trend in current computing, where it focuses on proper energy consumption leading to an increased life span of networks that uses interconnected devices that are technically referred to as the Internet of Things (IoT). These devices facilitate close resource availability on the edge of the network with resource pooling. This study presents a comprehensive survey on the proper Internet of Things-Based Energy Management in Smart Cities. The study shows that the IoTs have increased energy consumption, further the summarized table presented shows the state-of-the-art proposed methods in managing energy on different girds like smart home, smart building, and smart networks among others.

https://www.ojs.jctecs.com/index.php/com/article/download/302/117

Internet of Things-Based Energy Management, Challenges, and Solutions in Smart Cities

This study reveals that increases in the global population command an augmented demand for products and services that calls for more effective ways of using existing natural resources and materials...

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Green Internet of Things and Big Data Application in Smart Cities Development

Unmanned Aerial vehicles (UAVs) emerged into a promising research trend applied in several disciplines based on the benefits, including efficient communication, on-time search, and rescue operations, appreciate customer deliveries among more. The current technologies are using fixed base stations (BS) to operate onsite and off-site in the fixed position with its associated problems like poor connectivity. These open gates for the UAVs technology to be used as a mobile alternative to increase accessibility in beam selection with a fifth-generation (5G) connectivity that focuses on increased availability and connectivity. This paper presents a first fast semi-online 3-Dimensional machine learning algorithm suitable for proper beam selection as is emitted from UAVs. Secondly, it presents a detailed step by step approach that is involved in the multi-armed bandit approach in solving UAV solving selection exploration to exploitation dilemmas. The obtained results depicted that a multi-armed bandit problem approach can be applied in optimizing the performance of any mobile networked devices issue based on bandit samples like Thompson sampling, Bayesian algorithm, and e-Greedy Algorithm. The results further illustrated that the 3-Dimensional algorithm optimizes utilization of technological resources compared to the existing single and the 2-Dimensional algorithms thus close optimal performance on the average period through machine learning of realistic UAV communication situations.

A Fast Machine Learning for 5G Beam Selection for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Applications

Recently, the smart grid being an electrical grid entailing diversity of process and energy measures counting smart meters, smart appliances, renewable energy resources, and energy-efficient resources has become promising research with increased fidelity of power-flow control, energy reliability and energy security by the use of digital communications and technology controls. To advance the current traditional power grids into a smart grid, it necessitates a substantial dependence on intelligent communication infrastructures. More still, it requires an improved framework for persistent distributed communication, computing and sensing technology advancement in the smart grid. This paper surveys state-of-the-art efforts in the existing research centers in smart grid networks, waging away for us to identify the research challenges, proposed solutions within the continued studies showing the high-tech fifth-generation (5G) characteristics that empower smart grid as well as the imaginable vulnerabilities in smart grid.

Smart Grid Empowered By 5G Technology

Marketing means the strategies and tactics an organization undertakes for attracting consumers to promote the buying or selling of a product or service. Active marketing is about receiving messages from potential buyers to create ways to influence their purchasing decisions. Advertising is one of the most prominent marketing strategies to promote products to consumers. It is well known that advertisement has a significant impact on the sale of certain goods or services. In this paper, we consider two mediums of advertisement, such as Facebook (which is an online medium) and Newspaper (which is a printed medium). We consider a dataset representing the advertising budget (in hundreds of US dollars) of an electronic company and the sales of that company. We apply the quantitative research approach, and the data which are used in this research are secondary data. For analysis purposes, we consider a statistical tool called simple linear regression modeling. To check the significance of the advertising on sale, definite statistical tests are applied. Based on the findings of this research, it is observed that advertising has a significant impact on sales. It is also showed that spending money on advertising through Facebook has better sales than newspapers. The finding of this research shows that the use of computer-based technologies and online mediums has a brighter future for advertising. Furthermore, a new statistical model is introduced using the Z family approach. The proposed model is very interesting and possesses heavy-tailed properties. Finally, the applicability of the proposed model is illustrated by considering the financial dataset.

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Wasswa Shafik

Papers

Internet of Things-Based Energy Management, Challenges, and Solutions in Smart Cities

Green Internet of Things and Big Data Application in Smart Cities Development

A Fast Machine Learning for 5G Beam Selection for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Applications

Smart Grid Empowered By 5G Technology

Impact of Facebook and Newspaper Advertising on Sales: A Comparative Study of Online and Print Media.