In this critical review, metal oxides-based materials for electrochemical supercapacitor (ES) electrodes are reviewed in detail together with a brief review of carbon materials and conducting polymers. Their advantages, disadvantages, and performance in ES electrodes are discussed through extensive analysis of the literature, and new trends in material development are also reviewed. Two important future research directions are indicated and summarized, based on results published in the literature: the development of composite and nanostructured ES materials to overcome the major challenge posed by the low energy density of ES (476 references).

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A review of electrode materials for electrochemical supercapacitors

Li-ion battery materials: present and future

Worldwide commercial interest in carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is reflected in a production capacity that presently exceeds several thousand tons per year. Currently, bulk CNT powders are incorporated in diverse commercial products ranging from rechargeable batteries, automotive parts, and sporting goods to boat hulls and water filters. Advances in CNT synthesis, purification, and chemical modification are enabling integration of CNTs in thin-film electronics and large-area coatings. Although not yet providing compelling mechanical strength or electrical or thermal conductivities for many applications, CNT yarns and sheets already have promising performance for applications including supercapacitors, actuators, and lightweight electromagnetic shields.

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Carbon Nanotubes: Present and Future Commercial Applications

Electrochemical energy storage technology is based on devices capable of exhibiting high energy density (batteries) or high power density (electrochemical capacitors). There is a growing need, for current and near-future applications, where both high energy and high power densities are required in the same material. Pseudocapacitance, a faradaic process involving surface or near surface redox reactions, offers a means of achieving high energy density at high charge–discharge rates. Here, we focus on the pseudocapacitive properties of transition metal oxides. First, we introduce pseudocapacitance and describe its electrochemical features. Then, we review the most relevant pseudocapacitive materials in aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes. The major challenges for pseudocapacitive materials along with a future outlook are detailed at the end.

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01171774/document

Pseudocapacitive oxide materials for high-rate electrochemical energy storage

Electrospinning is a highly versatile method to process solutions or melts, mainly of polymers, into continuous fibers with diameters ranging from a few micrometers to a few nanometers. This technique is applicable to virtually every soluble or fusible polymer. The polymers can be chemically modified and can also be tailored with additives ranging from simple carbon-black particles to complex species such as enzymes, viruses, and bacteria. Electrospinning appears to be straightforward, but is a rather intricate process that depends on a multitude of molecular, process, and technical parameters. The method provides access to entirely new materials, which may have complex chemical structures. Electrospinning is not only a focus of intense academic investigation; the technique is already being applied in many technological areas.

Electrospinning: A Fascinating Method for the Preparation of Ultrathin Fibers

The invention discloses a lithium-ion battery convenient-to-dismantle and recover A housing of the lithium-ion battery is provided with a gas or liquid channel communicating with the outside, wherein the gas or liquid channel is externally connected with a valve, is used for discharging a gas generated in the lithium-ion battery at regular intervals as a gas channel in normal use, is used for filling the lithium-ion battery with a solvent, fully mixing with an internal electrode material and an electrolyte and drawing out the mixture as a liquid channel when dismantled and recovered The invention further discloses a preparation method of the lithium-ion battery An adhesive is not used, so that an electrode and a current collector are molded in a tight contact manner Meanwhile, the invention further discloses a dismantling and recovering method of the lithium-ion battery The method comprises the following steps: injecting the solvent through the liquid channel on the housing, mixing with the electrode material and the electrolyte and drawing out the mixture from the lithium-ion battery According to the method, the recovery rate of the electrode material, the electrolyte and a diaphragm is greater than 98%, and the method has the advantages of being low in recovery cost, safe and environment-friendly

Lithium-ion battery convenient-to-dismantle and recover as well as preparation method and dismantling and recovering method thereof

Abstract A new technical route of organic matter capture and carbon fixation is proposed in response of the increasingly strict emission standards of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in petrochemical industry and the Chinese national strategic development goals of carbon peak and carbon neutralization. A closed loop from raw materials to adsorbents for gas treatment can be achieved by two key technical characteristics: (1) construct a new mesoporous adsorbent with complete desorption and regeneration function by carbon nanotubes (CNTs); (2) convert gaseous organic matter which cannot be recycled in liquid/gas state to CNTs. It realizes the resource integration of "turning waste into treasure" and maximizes the carbon emission reduction effect of waste gas treatment process without consuming extra precious fossil fuel, compared with the traditional technologies of VOCs treatments, including combustion or catalytic oxidation. What’s more, the increase in supply of various green electricity is expected to change the current situation of large investment and heavy cost burden of environmental protection technology, and make a great contribution to the national carbon peak and carbon neutrality policy. 

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Near carbon-zero cycle from VOCs capture to carbon fixation

Molecular switches are widely studied in optical devices, computer science, DNA sensor systems, and chiral synthesis; however, their use in heterogeneous catalytic processes is rarely reported. Herein, we report a Fe-based redox switch for tuning the acidity of a ZSM-5-based catalyst in the methanol-to-aromatics reaction. In this reaction, the yield of the target product, para-xylene (PX), is low because various types of acids on the catalyst activate side reactions. Fe oxides and zeolite generate medium-strength Lewis acids, which activate the aromatization of methanol but suppress the dealkylation of xylene. Gradual reduction of Fe oxides during the reaction simultaneously decreases the conversion of methanol, the yield of aromatics, and the yield of PX. The oxidation state of the Fe species and the associated catalytic performance can be regenerated in the air at 550 °C. The redox switches caused regular fluctuation in the catalytic performance and remained stable throughout 16 regeneration cycles (up to 80 h). The employed strategy enabled a PX yield of up to 60% (carbon base) using a SiO<sub>2</sub>-coated Zn/P/Fe/ZSM-5 catalyst, which is 3–6 times higher than previously reported values. The result showed a new mode of acidity modulation of the catalyst. 

/pdf/redox-switches-of-fe-species-on-zeolite-catalysts-modulating-3pd2ejz7.pdf

"Redox switches" of Fe species on zeolite catalysts: Modulating the acidity and the para-xylene yield from methanol

With the sustainable increase of renewable energy and the maturation of heavy vehicle market, diesel consumption would face a downward trend worldwide. Herein, we have proposed a new route for hydrocracking of light cycle oil (LCO) into aromatics and gasoline and the tandem conversion of C1–C5 hydrocarbons (byproducts) into carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and H2, and by combining the simulation with Aspen Plus software and the experimental study of C2–C5 conversion, we have built a transformation network including LCO to aromatics/gasoline, C2–C5 to CNTs and H2, the conversion of CH4 into CNTs and H2, and the cycle use of H2 with pressure swing adsorption. Mass balance, energy consumption, and economic analysis were discussed as a function of varying CNT yield and CH4 conversion. 50% of H2 required for hydrocracking of LCO can be supplied by the downstream chemical vapor deposition processes. This can greatly reduce the cost of high-priced hydrogen feedstock. If the sale price of CNTs exceeds 2170 CNY per ton, the entire process would break even for a process of dealing with 520,000 t/a LCO. These results imply the great potential of this route, considering the vast demand and the current high price of CNTs.

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsomega.3c01135

Weizhong Qian

Papers

Lithium-ion battery convenient-to-dismantle and recover as well as preparation method and dismantling and recovering method thereof

Near carbon-zero cycle from VOCs capture to carbon fixation

"Redox switches" of Fe species on zeolite catalysts: Modulating the acidity and the para-xylene yield from methanol

Process Simulation of Diesel into Aromatics and Carbon Nanotubes: A Techno and Economic Analyses