자연주의적 탐구조사(Naturalistic Inquiry)

Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology

What makes organizations so similar? We contend that the engine of rationalization and bureaucratization has moved from the competitive marketplace to the state and the professions. Once a set of organizations emerges as a field, a paradox arises: rational actors make their organizations increasingly similar as they try to change them. We describe three isomorphic processes-coercive, mimetic, and normative—leading to this outcome. We then specify hypotheses about the impact of resource centralization and dependency, goal ambiguity and technical uncertainty, and professionalization and structuration on isomorphic change. Finally, we suggest implications for theories of organizations and social change.

The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields (Chinese Translation)

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Social capital: a theory of social structure and action

We study network activities of entrepreneurs through three phases of establishing a firm in four countries. Entrepreneurs access people in their networks to discuss aspects of establishing and running a business. We find that entrepreneurs build networks that systematically vary by the phase of entrepreneurship, analyzing number of their discussion partners, and the time spent networking. Entrepreneurs talk with more people during the planning than other phases. Family members are present in their networks in all phases, particularly among those who took over an existing firm. However, women use their kin to a larger extent than men, and even more than men when they take over an existing firm. Experienced entrepreneurs have the same networking patterns as novices. Moreover, these networking patterns are the same in all countries. However, there are country differences in size of discussion networks and time spent networking.

Social Networks and Entrepreneurship

Reguleren? Reguleren! Nieuwkomers zonder netwerk in de mobiele telecomsector

The paper will investigate how the management of intellectual property rights will affect the shaping of the newly emerging global and digital market place. The relevant question to be dealt with is: how can we understand the transformation in the content/copyright industries (as a consequence of technical change, sectoral convergence, and international deregulation) and the newly emerging patterns of competition in the digital/global era? Besides giving an overview of the traditional organization of the copyright industry (from creation and collective administration of rights to content production companies, and usage), the paper will discuss the major technological, economic, political-institutional, and international challenges creators, collecting societies and 'content companies' face now and in the near future. Finally, the coordination problems between creators, collecting societies, publishers and users, and the strategic opportunities and responses of the major stakeholders in the competitive copyright industries will be analysed. Although the discussion focuses on the developments of advanced industrial economies, the impact of these developments will have implications for economies that are less 'digitally' developed.

The winds of change: digital technologies trading information and managing intellectual property rights.

In this contribution we develop a theoretical framework derived from the national system of innovation literature and the subsequent criticisms voiced by regional scientists and industry/technology experts who emphasize the importance of the intermediate subnational and sectoral levels to analysing science- and technology-based regional entrepreneurship in the Netherlands. The national system of innovation of the Netherlands, and its specifics and peculiarities, and the country’s general entrepreneurship policy, and the most important policy and support initiatives are subsequently discussed. Based on a desire to overcome the knowledge paradox between fundamental research and market needs and on the recognition that the Netherlands lags behind other countries when it comes to innovative entrepreneurship, various changes and initiatives were recently introduced in the Netherlands. The impression is of an overambitious national government with numerous programmes, schemes and agencies involved, sometimes working with each other but at other times separately as well, and its effectiveness can be questioned. Serious paperwork and preparation is involved in the participation in most programes and, together with the complexity of these programmes and policies, small and young entrepreneurs are neither informed, ready or well-equipped; some of them are not even interested in participating in those schemes.

Science and Technology-based Regional Entrepreneurship in the Netherlands: Building Support Structures for Business Creation and Growth Entrepreneurship

Willem Hulsink

Papers

Reguleren? Reguleren! Nieuwkomers zonder netwerk in de mobiele telecomsector

The winds of change: digital technologies trading information and managing intellectual property rights.

Science and Technology-based Regional Entrepreneurship in the Netherlands: Building Support Structures for Business Creation and Growth Entrepreneurship

The single European telecoms market: From state monopolies & national champions to an oligopoly of Euro-nationals and global alliances?

Science and Technology-based Regional Entrepreneurship in the Netherlands: Building Support Structures for Business Creation and Growth Entrepreneurship