Snakegourd root/Astragalus polysaccharide hydrogel preparation and application in 3D printing

Abstract Background Glabridin (Glab) is a bioactive component of licorice that can ameliorate diabetes, but its role in diabetic nephropathy (DN) has seldom been reported. Herein, we explored the effect and underlying mechanism of Glab on DN. Methods The bioactive component-target network of licorice against DN was by a network pharmacology approach. The protective effect of Glab on the kidney was investigated by a high-fat diet with streptozotocin induced-diabetic rat model. High glucose-induced NRK-52E cells were used for in vitro studies. The effects of Glab on ferroptosis and VEGF/Akt/ERK pathways in DN were investigated in vivo and in vitro using qRT-PCR, WB, and IHC experiments. Results Bioinformatics analysis constructed a network comprising of 10 bioactive components of licorice and 40 targets for DN. 13 matching targets of Glab were mainly involved in the VEGF signaling pathway. Glab treatment ameliorated general states and reduced FBG, HOMA-β, and HOMA-insulin index of diabetic rats. The renal pathological changes and the impaired renal function (the increased levels of Scr, BUN, UREA, KIM-1, NGAL, and TIMP-1) were also improved by Glab. Moreover, Glab repressed ferroptosis by increasing SOD and GSH activity, and GPX4 , SLC7A11 , and SLC3A2 expression, and decreasing MDA and iron concentrations, and TFR1 expression, in vivo and in vitro. Mechanically, Glab significantly suppressed VEGF, p-AKT, p-ERK1/2 expression in both diabetic rats and HG-induced NRK-52E cells. Conclusions This study revealed protective effects of Glab on the kidney of diabetic rats, which might exert by suppressing ferroptosis and the VEGF/Akt/ERK pathway. 

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Glabridin, a bioactive component of licorice, ameliorates diabetic nephropathy by regulating ferroptosis and the VEGF/Akt/ERK pathways

BACKGROUND Emerging evidence suggests the potential of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo (DO) in treating the complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). We evaluated the therapeutic potential of DO in treating diabetic nephropathy (DN) by preventing insulin resistance. MATERIAL AND METHODS A DN model was established. Mean glomerular volume of rats was estimated by the method of Weibel-Gomez. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to determine the expression of mRNAs and we used Western blot assay to determine the expression of proteins. The levels of fasting insulin (FINS) and glucagon (GLU) were measured and we assessed the levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Compared with the Normal rats, the levels of urinary glucose, albuminuria, Scr, albuminuria/Scr and BUN, and the expression levels of CaN, TLR-2, TLR-4, MyD88, hs-CRP, TNF-a, and IL-6, the level of FINS, GLU, and HOMAIR were increased in DN, DO 1.0, DO 2.0, and DMBG groups. Compared with the DN rats, in DO 1.0, DO 2.0, and DMBG groups the glomerular volume was smaller, the levels of urinary glucose, albuminuria, Scr, albuminuria/Scr, and BUN, the expression levels of CaN, TLR-2, TLR-4, MyD88, hs-CRP, TNF-a, and IL-6, the level of FINS, GLU, and HOMA-IR were decreased. CONCLUSIONS We found that DO prevents insulin resistance in rats with DN. This may be associated with reduction of TLRs and inflammatory response, which should be further verified by loss of DO effects on DN after treatment of inhibitors of TLRs.

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Dendrobium Officinale Kimura et Migo Ameliorates Insulin Resistance in Rats with Diabetic Nephropathy

Cutaneous manifestations of diabetes mellitus and the metabolic syndrome

https://molmed.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s10020-022-00481-w

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a heterogeneous condition characterized by hyperglycemia as a consequence of defects in insulin secretion and variable degrees of insulin resistance. DM is the most common endocrine disorder in the United States, affecting 9.3% of the population (29.1 million people) in 2014. Skin disorders are present in 79.2% of patients with DM, and cutaneous disease may appear as the first sign of DM or develop at any time in the course of the disease. Given the increasing incidence and prevalence of DM in the United States, primary care physicians should be aware of the associated cutaneous manifestations. This clinical review provides a brief guide to primary care physicians for recognizing and managing skin conditions that they may encounter when caring for patients with DM.

William B Horton

Papers

Diabetes Mellitus and the Skin: Recognition and Management of Cutaneous Manifestations.