THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTS. By Oscar Kempthorne. New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1952. 631 pp. $8.50. This book by a teacher of statistics (as well as a consultant for \"experimenters\") is a comprehensive study of the philosophical background for the statistical design of experiment. It is necessary to have some facility with algebraic notation and manipulation to be able to use the volume intelligently. The problems are presented from the theoretical point of view, without such practical examples as would be helpful for those not acquainted with mathematics. The mathematical justification for the techniques is given. As a somewhat advanced treatment of the design and analysis of experiments, this volume will be interesting and helpful for many who approach statistics theoretically as well as practically. With emphasis on the \"why,\" and with description given broadly, the author relates the subject matter to the general theory of statistics and to the general problem of experimental inference. MARGARET J. ROBERTSON

The Design and Analysis of Experiments

According to W. Edwards Deming, American companies require nothing less than a transformation of management style and of governmental relations with industry. In Out of the Crisis, originally published in 1982, Deming offers a theory of management based on his famous 14 Points for Management. Management's failure to plan for the future, he claims, brings about loss of market, which brings about loss of jobs. Management must be judged not only by the quarterly dividend, but by innovative plans to stay in business, protect investment, ensure future dividends, and provide more jobs through improved product and service. In simple, direct language, he explains the principles of management transformation and how to apply them.

Out of the Crisis

https://isiarticles.com/bundles/Article/pre/pdf/1712.pdf

Benefits, obstacles, and future of six sigma approach

Six Sigma: A goal-theoretic perspective

Six Sigma: Definition and underlying theory

Six Sigma improvements—a highly disciplined and statistically based approach for removing defects from products, processes, and transactions, involving everybody in the corporation—has been adopted as a major initiative by some of our leading companies. This is fundamentally changing the paradigm of how statistics is applied in business and industry, and has had a career-changing impact on those statisticians who have been involved. We describe the Six Sigma initiative and its evolution, the enthusiastic and visionary support by the CEOs at some major corporations that have embraced it, its successes to date, and the impact on statistics and statisticians. We then turn to a major theme—what statisticians must do to be maximally effective in this exciting new environment. These changes will not be limited to the companies that have adopted Six Sigma, or, for that matter, industry, but are all-pervasive. We discuss the dramatic longer term implications on our profession.

https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/2686099.pdf

The Impact of Six Sigma Improvement—A Glimpse into the Future of Statistics

[This abstract is based on the author's abstract.] In published discussions of Six Sigma improvement methodology, the terms "Black Belt," "Master Black Belt," and "Green Belt" are often used indiscriminately without clear d..

Six Sigma Black Belts: What Do They Need to Know? And Subsequent Discussions and Response

A seasonal trend analysis of Dobson total ozone data that have been critically reevaluated and revised is performed for 29 northern hemisphere stations located between 19°N and 64°N latitude using data through 1986. The trend model considered for these data allows for a different linear trend for each month of the year, so that the seasonal as well as the latitudinal and regional nature of the total ozone trend behavior can be examined. The trend model also incorporates the 10.7-cm solar flux series and the 50-hPa equatorial zonal wind series as additional explanatory factors for solar and quasi-biennial oscillation induced ozone variations. Regression random effects models are then used for the individual station seasonal trend estimates to obtain trend estimates as a function of latitude for different seasons of the year. The results of this seasonal trend analysis indicate significantly more negative trends during the winter months (December-March) than during the summer months (May–August), notably at higher latitudes, with the trends in winter becoming more negative with increasing latitude. The trends in the winter are estimated to be of the order of −1.2%, −2.1%, and −3.0% per decade for latitudes 35°N, 45°N, and 55°N, respectively, while trends during the summer are of the order of −0.6% per decade with no distinct pattern as a function of latitude. The year-round or annual trend over all latitudes is estimated to be about −0.84±0.82% per decade. The trends are found to display some regional variation, with trends in Japan being considerably less negative than those in North America and Europe. Sensitivity studies are also performed to investigate the effects on ozone trend estimates due to certain factors such as abnormal ozone behavior in 1983 and 1985, the use of ozone data prior to 1965, and nuclear weapons testing in the early 1960s. The seasonal trend analysis is also performed using published (unrevised) Dobson data. Trend results based on published data are on average less negative than trends from revised Dobson data for European stations, by about 1.0% per decade across all seasons, with only small average differences for stations in North America and Japan.

A statistical trend analysis of revised Dobson total ozone data over the northern hemisphere

Preparing Statisticians for Careers in Industry: Report of the ASA Section on Statistical Education Committee on Training of Statisticians for Industry

Dobson total ozone data have been analyzed using two different statistical methods, time series analysis using time domain (TD) methods and frequency domain (FD) methods. The trend estimates from these two methods using a network of 36 Dobson stations have differed from between 0.5% and 1% per decade over the past few years as new data have become available in the 1980's. The reasons for the differences are found to be largely due to a combination of (1) the shorter length data record used in the FD analysis, (2) the different sensitivity of each method to the low 1982–1983 winter ozone values, (3) the different methods of seasonal weighting, and (4) the varying sensitivities to a solar adjustment. Between 1970 and 1984 the total ozone trend estimates are −0.26 ± 0.92% per decade and −0.70 ± 0.82% per decade based on the TD and FD methods, respectively. Although different by nearly 0.5% per decade, neither trend estimate is statistically significant.

William J. Hill

Papers

The Impact of Six Sigma Improvement—A Glimpse into the Future of Statistics

Six Sigma Black Belts: What Do They Need to Know? And Subsequent Discussions and Response

A statistical trend analysis of revised Dobson total ozone data over the northern hemisphere

Preparing Statisticians for Careers in Industry: Report of the ASA Section on Statistical Education Committee on Training of Statisticians for Industry

Trend analysis sensitivity studies of Dobson total ozone data through 1984