A method for selecting a heat medium in installing an air-conditioning system includes: determining power required for use side heat exchangers corresponding to a plurality of air-conditioned spaces; calculating a total refrigerant amount required when a refrigerant is circulated through all the use side heat exchangers having the determined power; calculating a refrigerant concentration when the total refrigerant amount leaks to each air-conditioned space using the refrigerant, for each air-conditioned space; determining the refrigerant concentration for each air-conditioned space exceeds a predetermined limit concentration; when any air-conditioned space exceeds the limit concentration, selecting, as a nontoxic medium, the circulation heat medium of the use side heat exchanger installed in one of the air-conditioned spaces; and calculating a total refrigerant amount required when the refrigerant is circulated through all other use side heat exchangers.

Method for selecting heat medium of use side heat exchanger in installing air-conditioning system

A heat exchanger leak detector employs a bubble detector to detect gas pressure build up in a heat exchanger second side from leakage of pressurized gas introduced in a heat exchanger first side.

Leak detector for heat exchanger

Disclosed is a leakage detection system (200) and a leakage detection method for detecting leakage in a gas supply system (10′) comprising a gas source (11; 12) connected to a gas delivery module (14) by a pipeline. The leakage detection system (200) comprises a flow meter (113) connectable along the pipeline remotely from an inlet of the gas delivery module (14); and a detection module (110) configured to receive signals representing a measured flow rate from the flow meter (113), and to compare the measured flow rate (115) to a stored leakage-free reference value (116) to detect an increase in flow rate in the presence of a leak. A flow resistance between the detection module (110) and an outlet of the gas delivery module (14) amplifies the increase in flow rate in the presence of a leak. The system (200) may comprise a flow rate elevation system (121) connectable between the gas source (11; 12) and the flow meter (113) for temporarily increasing the flow rate in the pipeline.

System and method for detecting leakage in a gas pipeline

The invention provides equipment for exchanging heat in a progress into a mixture containing epsilon-hexanolactam and a solvent from a mixture containing epsilon-hexanolactam and a sulfuric acid in the production process of the epsilon-hexanolactam. The equipment comprises: a) a beckmann rearrangement reaction zone, b) a neutralization zone, c) a separation zone, d) an extraction zone, and e) a distillation zone. The equipment is characterized by also comprising i) a heat exchanger in a first progress, wherein the heat exchanger is used for exchanging heat from the beckmann rearrangement reaction zone to the distillation zone; ii) a leakage system for detecting the mixture containing the epsilon-hexanolactam and the sulfuric acid to the mixture containing the epsilon-hexanolactam and the solvent, and iii) a reserved heat exchange system which is used for transferring heat from the beckmann rearrangement reaction zone when running, and transferring the heat into the distillation zone. The invention also provides a method for switching production of the epsilon-hexanolactam into reserve operation from normal operation when the heat exchanger leaks in the progress.

Method and equipment for continuously producing epsilon-hexanolactam

A thermally isolated counter flowing heat exchanger comprising two isolated fluids having different energy levels flowing in contained systems separated by fluid heat trap passages and utilizing gates that control flow into different cells based on temperature. A system for transferring and storing thermal energy comprising a refrigerant circulating in a tank in a vortex such that when the vortex flow of the refrigerant is in contact with multiple spaced tubing located inside the tank, energy is transferred between the refrigerant and a fluid flowing inside the tubing. A system for generating energy comprising a hot regenerator and a cold regenerator, each thermally isolated and connected to counter cycling hot expansion pistons that utilize compression of exhausting hot gas as it flows into the cold regeneration area to create a suction effect on the exhausting hot gas that adds power to the compression stroke of the piston to provide energy.

Thermal Energy Transfer System

Apparatus and methods for detecting leaks in a heat exchangers use mass gas flow metering. A regulated gas supply passes through a mass flow meter before entering either the product chamber or media chamber of a heat exchanger. The regulated gas supply passes into the heat exchanger through an inlet connection. All other inlets and outlets to the testing chamber are closed and isolated so that the chamber holds an applied pressure. The chamber on the opposite side of the heat exchanger is opened to atmosphere. Once gas fills the chamber and a static pressure is realized, the test begins by simply monitoring gas flow. If no flow is indicated, no flow rate is detected, and there is no detectable leak. Gas flow into the test chamber, at any given flow rate, as sensed by the sensitive mass flow meter, is an indication that leakage between the chambers exists.

Heat exchanger leak detection using mass gas flow metering

A high shear mixer in a holding tank is used in a continuous flow process. Flow rate of material into and out of the holding tank establishes residence time in contact with shearing elements. A batch shear mixer is used in a tank that has continuous flow into the bottom and out of the top. A level controller controls a valve or a positive displacement pump at the inlet. The mixing chamber is sized for the maximum needed residence time, slowing the flow increases the residence time. In an open tank lower inlet pump and upper outlet pump are coordinated. Incoming flow rate matches outgoing flow for continuous processing.

Continuous high shear mixing process

One or more twin screw pumps prevent backflow of wetted powder and jamming of powder eductors. A twin screw pump at an exit of a powder eductor produces a vacuum in the eductor to prevent backflow. A twin screw pump in a liquid input line produces a strong liquid stream through the eductor. A viscous or recycled fluid bypasses the eductor or is pumped through the eductor using the twin screw pump in the eductor liquid input line. The twin screw pump at the eductor output reduces the eductor exit pressure and draws a viscous liquid stream from the eductor. The powder-laden stream is directed for processing or recycling.

William J. Lopresti

Papers

Heat exchanger leak detection using mass gas flow metering

Continuous high shear mixing process

Powder inductions utilizing positive displacement twin screw pump technology