Authors Jan L. Brozek, MD, PhD – Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics and Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada Jean Bousquet, MD, PhD – Service des Maladies Respiratoires, Hopital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France, INSERM, CESP U1018, Respiratory and Environmental Epidemiology Team, France, and WHO Collaborating Center for Rhinitis and Asthma Carlos E. Baena-Cagnani, MD – Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina Sergio Bonini, MD – Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine – CNR, Rome, Italy and Department of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy G. Walter Canonica, MD – Allergy & Respiratory Diseases, DIMI, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy Thomas B. Casale, MD – Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, USA Roy Gerth van Wijk, MD, PhD – Section of Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands Ken Ohta, MD, PhD – Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Torsten Zuberbier, MD – Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany Holger J. Schunemann, MD, PhD, MSc – Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics and Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada

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Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma

Riboflavin/ultraviolet-a-induced collagen crosslinking for the treatment of keratoconus.

Background The Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study (OHTS) has shown that topical ocular hypotensive medication is effective in delaying or preventing the onset of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in individuals with elevated intraocular pressure (ocular hypertension) and no evidence of glaucomatous damage. Objective To describe baseline demographic and clinical factors that predict which participants in the OHTS developed POAG. Methods Baseline demographic and clinical data were collected prior to randomization except for corneal thickness measurements, which were performed during follow-up. Proportional hazards models were used to identify factors that predicted which participants in the OHTS developed POAG. Results In univariate analyses, baseline factors that predicted the development of POAG included older age, race (African American), sex (male), larger vertical cup-disc ratio, larger horizontal cup-disc ratio, higher intraocular pressure, greater Humphrey visual field pattern standard deviation, heart disease, and thinner central corneal measurement. In multivariate analyses, baseline factors that predicted the development of POAG included older age, larger vertical or horizontal cup-disc ratio, higher intraocular pressure, greater pattern standard deviation, and thinner central corneal measurement. Conclusions Baseline age, vertical and horizontal cup-disc ratio, pattern standard deviation, and intraocular pressure were good predictors for the onset of POAG in the OHTS. Central corneal thickness was found to be a powerful predictor for the development of POAG.

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/articlepdf/270929/ecs20044.pdf

The Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study: baseline factors that predict the onset of primary open-angle glaucoma.

BACKGROUND\nThe Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study (OHTS) has shown that topical ocular hypotensive medication is effective in delaying or preventing the onset of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in individuals with elevated intraocular pressure (ocular hypertension) and no evidence of glaucomatous damage.\n\n\nOBJECTIVE\nTo describe baseline demographic and clinical factors that predict which participants in the OHTS developed POAG.\n\n\nMETHODS\nBaseline demographic and clinical data were collected prior to randomization except for corneal thickness measurements, which were performed during follow-up. Proportional hazards models were used to identify factors that predicted which participants in the OHTS developed POAG.\n\n\nRESULTS\nIn univariate analyses, baseline factors that predicted the development of POAG included older age, race (African American), sex (male), larger vertical cup-disc ratio, larger horizontal cup-disc ratio, higher intraocular pressure, greater Humphrey visual field pattern standard deviation, heart disease, and thinner central corneal measurement. In multivariate analyses, baseline factors that predicted the development of POAG included older age, larger vertical or horizontal cup-disc ratio, higher intraocular pressure, greater pattern standard deviation, and thinner central corneal measurement.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nBaseline age, vertical and horizontal cup-disc ratio, pattern standard deviation, and intraocular pressure were good predictors for the onset of POAG in the OHTS. Central corneal thickness was found to be a powerful predictor for the development of POAG.

Ocular hypertension treatment study: Baseline factors that predict the onset of primary open-angle glaucoma

Human corneal thickness and its impact on intraocular pressure measures: a review and meta-analysis approach.

A 48-Year Clinical and Epidemiologic Study of Keratoconus

The Corneal Endothelium: Normal and Pathologic Structure and Function

Central corneal endothelial cell changes over a ten-year period.

PURPOSE: To obtain longitudinal data to estimate long-term morphometric changes in normal human corneal endothelia. METHODS: Ten years after an initial study, the authors rephotographed the central corneal endothelium of 52 normal subjects with the same contact specular microscope. The findings for the 10 subjects younger than 18 years of age at the initial examination were considered separately. For the remaining 42 adult subjects, the time between examinations averaged 10.6 +/- 0.2 years (range, 10.1 to 11 years). At the recent examination, these subjects' ages averaged 59.5 +/- 16.8 years (range, 30 to 84 years). Outlines of 100 cells for each cornea were digitized. RESULTS: For the 42 adult subjects, the mean endothelial cell density decreased during the 10.6-year interval from 2715 +/- 301 cells/mm2 to 2539 +/- 284 cells/mm2 (P < 0.001). The calculated exponential cell loss rate over this interval was 0.6% +/- 0.5% per year. There was no statistically significant correlation between cell loss rate and age. During the 10.6-year interval, the coefficient of variation of cell area increased from 0.26 +/- 0.05 to 0.29 +/- 0.06 (P < 0.001), and the percentage of hexagonal cells decreased from 67% +/- 8% to 64% +/- 6% (P = 0.003). For the 10 subjects 5 to 15 years of age at the initial examination, the exponential cell loss rate was 1.1% +/- 0.8% per year. CONCLUSIONS: Human central endothelial cell density decreases at an average rate of approximately 0.6% per year in normal corneas throughout adult life, with gradual increases in polymegethism and pleomorphism.

William M. Bourne

Papers

A 48-Year Clinical and Epidemiologic Study of Keratoconus

The Corneal Endothelium: Normal and Pathologic Structure and Function

Central corneal endothelial cell changes over a ten-year period.

Central corneal endothelial cell changes over a ten-year period.

Ten-year postoperative results of penetrating keratoplasty.