Showing papers by "William Wallace published in 1995"
TL;DR: A novel model of chronic pulmonary fibrosis in rodents induced by a single intratracheal instillation of a well‐characterized fluorescent haptenic antigen, fluorescein isothiocyanate, which results in an acute inflammatory response involving a granulocytic infiltrate, which disappears over a week and is replaced by a chronic mononuclear infiltrate in which T lymphocytes predominate.
Abstract: A novel model is described of chronic pulmonary fibrosis in rodents. The condition is induced by a single intratracheal instillation of a well-characterized fluorescent haptenic antigen, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), into non-immune animals. This results in an acute inflammatory response involving a granulocytic infiltrate, which disappears over a week and is replaced by a chronic mononuclear infiltrate in which T lymphocytes predominate. Over several months, a chronic patchy fibrosis is accompanied by a sustained mononuclear interstitial infiltrate localized at sites of persistent FITC deposition. Where no FITC is present, the lung tissues are apparently normal. An immune response is mounted, as measured by the appearance of specific anti-FITC serum antibodies. This model has relevance to the pathogenesis of some forms of human interstitial lung disease.
51 citations
TL;DR: A spectrum of activation of the reproductive axis despite tight clinical staging is demonstrated in early pubertal boys randomized to 3 months of treatment after a baseline 12-h overnight hormone profile, demonstrating a spectrum ofactivation of the Reproductive axis despite Tight clinical staging.
Abstract: Early pubertal boys (testicular volume, 4-6 mL) with constitutionally delayed growth and puberty were randomized to 3 months of treatment after a baseline 12-h overnight hormone profile: group 1 (n = 5), daily placebo; group 2 (n = 5), 2.5 mg oxandrolone daily; or group 3 (n = 6), 50-mg testosterone monthly im injections. LH and GH profiles (15-min samples) were analyzed by peak detection (Pulsar), Fourier transformation, and autocorrelation. FSH and testosterone levels were measured hourly, and insulin, sex hormone-binding globulin, insulin-like growth factor-I, and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 levels were determined at 0800 h. Multiple regression was used to analyze the response to treatment (growth) with respect to baseline features. Endocrine variability was marked. Profiles ranged from unreactive to well established LH pulsatility and adult testosterone levels. The areas under the curve (AUC) for LH, FSH, and testosterone ranged 10-fold (4.4-46.3 IU/L.h), 8-fold (7.9-63.4 IU/L.h), and 45-fold (3.6-161.7 nmol/L.h), respectively. The growth response was individually varied, but significantly increased 0-6 months in the active treatment groups. Age, testicular volume, and LH AUC interacted significantly (r2 = 0.95; P < 0.05). Allowance for these produced a highly significant treatment effect (P = 0.006). Age, testicular volume, LH AUC, and testosterone AUC, but not treatment, significantly increased growth by 0-12 months (r2 = 0.88; P < 0.05). We demonstrate a spectrum of activation of the reproductive axis despite tight clinical staging. This, and not GH status at treatment commencement, influenced the growth response.
18 citations
TL;DR: Comparing the original method (OM) to a modified technique which involved measuring from a baseline value of which the operator was not aware; this technique is referred to as the random zero method (RM), which suggests that there should be a learning period of about 4 months if knemometry is performed as often.
Abstract: SummaryKnemometry is an accurate and non-invasive method of quantifying lower leg length changes. It reveals multiple fluctuations in leg length velocity over a short period of measurement, and on the basis of this it has been proposed that short-term growth is saltatory rather than a continuous phenomenon. The technical error (TE) of the technique which is generally employed, and which is subject to observer bias, ranges from 0·09 to 0·16 mm. This study was undertaken to compare the original method (OM) to a modified technique which involved measuring from a baseline value of which the operator was not aware; this technique is referred to as the random zero method (RM). Over a period of 10 months, 58 subjects were measured on 413 occasions. Overall, median TE in the RM group at 0·15 mm (P5-0, P95-0·65) was higher than the median TE in the OM group at 0·11 mm (P5-0, P95-0·37). However, the median TE over the last 3 months of 0·15 mm (P5-0·05, P95-0·87) was lower than the TE in the preceding 4 months of 0·...
16 citations