The interest in nanoscale materials stems from the fact that new properties are acquired at this length scale and, equally important, that these properties * To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone, 404-8940292; fax, 404-894-0294; e-mail, mostafa.el-sayed@ chemistry.gatech.edu. † Case Western Reserve UniversitysMillis 2258. ‡ Phone, 216-368-5918; fax, 216-368-3006; e-mail, burda@case.edu. § Georgia Institute of Technology. 1025 Chem. Rev. 2005, 105, 1025−1102

Chemistry and properties of nanocrystals of different shapes.

This review focuses on the synthesis, protection, functionalization, and application of magnetic nanoparticles, as well as the magnetic properties of nanostructured systems. Substantial progress in the size and shape control of magnetic nanoparticles has been made by developing methods such as co-precipitation, thermal decomposition and/or reduction, micelle synthesis, and hydrothermal synthesis. A major challenge still is protection against corrosion, and therefore suitable protection strategies will be emphasized, for example, surfactant/polymer coating, silica coating and carbon coating of magnetic nanoparticles or embedding them in a matrix/support. Properly protected magnetic nanoparticles can be used as building blocks for the fabrication of various functional systems, and their application in catalysis and biotechnology will be briefly reviewed. Finally, some future trends and perspectives in these research areas will be outlined.

Magnetic nanoparticles: Synthesis, protection, functionalization, and application

▪ Abstract Solution phase syntheses and size-selective separation methods to prepare semiconductor and metal nanocrystals, tunable in size from ∼1 to 20 nm and monodisperse to ≤5%, are presented. Preparation of monodisperse samples enables systematic characterization of the structural, electronic, and optical properties of materials as they evolve from molecular to bulk in the nanometer size range. Sample uniformity makes it possible to manipulate nanocrystals into close-packed, glassy, and ordered nanocrystal assemblies (superlattices, colloidal crystals, supercrystals). Rigorous structural characterization is critical to understanding the electronic and optical properties of both nanocrystals and their assemblies. At inter-particle separations 5–100 A, dipole-dipole interactions lead to energy transfer between neighboring nanocrystals, and electronic tunneling between proximal nanocrystals gives rise to dark and photoconductivity. At separations <5 A, exchange interactions cause otherwise insulating ass...

Synthesis and Characterization of Monodisperse Nanocrystals and Close-Packed Nanocrystal Assemblies

Core/Shell Nanoparticles: Classes, Properties, Synthesis Mechanisms, Characterization, and Applications

Recent startling interest for lanthanide luminescence is stimulated by the continuously expanding need for luminescent materials meeting the stringent requirements of telecommunication, lighting, electroluminescent devices, (bio-)analytical sensors and bio-imaging set-ups. This critical review describes the latest developments in (i) the sensitization of near-infrared luminescence, (ii) “soft” luminescent materials (liquid crystals, ionic liquids, ionogels), (iii) electroluminescent materials for organic light emitting diodes, with emphasis on white light generation, and (iv) applications in luminescent bio-sensing and bio-imaging based on time-resolved detection and multiphoton excitation (500 references).

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Lanthanide luminescence for functional materials and bio-sciences

Characterization of the interaction between morphology dependent in- and output resonances in laser trapped microparticles

Theoretical and experimental studies on binding mode of 3,5-pyrazoledicarboxylic acid in its new La(III) complex

Continuum resonance Raman spectra of 127 I 2 were numerically simulated using time-dependent quantum theory. The calculated spectra were compared with results obtained from traditional time-independent calculations, based on the Kramers-Heisenberg-Dirac relationship, and experimental data obtained earlier by Strempel and Kiefer. A symmetry principle for corresponding Stokes and anti-Stokes Raman spectra is also demonstrated and the corresponding spectra for this principle were simulated applying both time-dependent and time-independent theory. Further aspects such as the reflection principle and scattering delay times are discussed and compared with results obtained for 79 Br 2

Continuum resonance Raman scattering in iodine: Time‐dependent calculations, scattering delay times and demonstration of fundamental principles

A Raman spectroscopic study of the diclofenac sodium - β-cyclodextrin interaction

Linear Raman scattering can be described classically when excitation frequencies are used which are far from resonance with electronic absorption frequencies. If this is not the case, the scattering amplitude must be derived by quantum-mechanical calculation of the linear polarizability [1]. Similarly, CARS intensities can be obtained classically by combining the classical theory of the linear Raman effect with a simple damped, field- driven, harmonic oscillator model [2,3], whereas for the case of electronic resonances one has to use again quantum-mechanics for the determination of the CARS amplitude. The latter is given through the third-order non-linear CARS susceptibility [4].

Wolfgang Kiefer

Papers

Characterization of the interaction between morphology dependent in- and output resonances in laser trapped microparticles

Theoretical and experimental studies on binding mode of 3,5-pyrazoledicarboxylic acid in its new La(III) complex

Continuum resonance Raman scattering in iodine: Time‐dependent calculations, scattering delay times and demonstration of fundamental principles

A Raman spectroscopic study of the diclofenac sodium - β-cyclodextrin interaction

Application of Classical Theory of CARS to Diatomic Molecules in the Gas Phase