Abstract Introduction This study aims to examine the worldwide prevalence of post COVID-19 condition, through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods PubMed, Embase, and iSearch were searched on July 5, 2021 with verification extending to March 13, 2022. Using a random effects framework with DerSimonian-Laird estimator, we meta-analyzed post COVID-19 condition prevalence at 28+ days from infection. Results 50 studies were included, and 41 were meta-analyzed. Global estimated pooled prevalence of post COVID-19 condition was 0.43 (95% CI: 0.39,0.46). Hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients have estimates of 0.54 (95% CI: 0.44,0.63) and 0.34 (95% CI: 0.25,0.46), respectively. Regional prevalence estimates were Asia— 0.51 (95% CI: 0.37,0.65), Europe— 0.44 (95% CI: 0.32,0.56), and North America— 0.31 (95% CI: 0.21,0.43). Global prevalence for 30, 60, 90, and 120 days after infection were estimated to be 0.37 (95% CI: 0.26,0.49), 0.25 (95% CI: 0.15,0.38), 0.32 (95% CI: 0.14,0.57) and 0.49 (95% CI: 0.40,0.59), respectively. Fatigue was the most common symptom reported with a prevalence of 0.23 (95% CI: 0.17,0.30), followed by memory problems (0.14 [95% CI: 0.10,0.19]). Discussion This study finds post COVID-19 condition prevalence is substantial; the health effects of COVID-19 appear to be prolonged and can exert stress on the healthcare system.

Global Prevalence of Post COVID-19 Condition or Long COVID: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

Abstract Background This study aims to examine the worldwide prevalence of post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) condition, through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods PubMed, Embase, and iSearch were searched on July 5, 2021 with verification extending to March 13, 2022. Using a random-effects framework with DerSimonian-Laird estimator, we meta-analyzed post-COVID-19 condition prevalence at 28+ days from infection. Results Fifty studies were included, and 41 were meta-analyzed. Global estimated pooled prevalence of post-COVID-19 condition was 0.43 (95% confidence interval [CI], .39–.46). Hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients had estimates of 0.54 (95% CI, .44–.63) and 0.34 (95% CI, .25–.46), respectively. Regional prevalence estimates were Asia (0.51; 95% CI, .37–.65), Europe (0.44; 95% CI, .32–.56), and United States of America (0.31; 95% CI, .21–.43). Global prevalence for 30, 60, 90, and 120 days after infection were estimated to be 0.37 (95% CI, .26–.49), 0.25 (95% CI, .15–.38), 0.32 (95% CI, .14–.57), and 0.49 (95% CI, .40–.59), respectively. Fatigue was the most common symptom reported with a prevalence of 0.23 (95% CI, .17–.30), followed by memory problems (0.14; 95% CI, .10–.19). Conclusions This study finds post-COVID-19 condition prevalence is substantial; the health effects of COVID-19 seem to be prolonged and can exert stress on the healthcare system. 

OUP accepted manuscript

Emerging evidence has shown that COVID-19 survivors could suffer from persistent symptoms. However, it remains unclear whether these symptoms persist over the longer term. This study aimed to systematically synthesise evidence on post-COVID symptoms persisting for at least 12 months. We searched PubMed and Embase for papers reporting at least one-year follow-up results of COVID-19 survivors published by 6 November 2021. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted to estimate pooled prevalence of specific post-COVID symptoms. Eighteen papers that reported one-year follow-up data from 8591 COVID-19 survivors were included. Fatigue/weakness (28%, 95% CI: 18–39), dyspnoea (18%, 95% CI: 13–24), arthromyalgia (26%, 95% CI: 8–44), depression (23%, 95% CI: 12–34), anxiety (22%, 95% CI: 15–29), memory loss (19%, 95% CI: 7–31), concentration difficulties (18%, 95% CI: 2–35), and insomnia (12%, 95% CI: 7–17) were the most prevalent symptoms at one-year follow-up. Existing evidence suggested that female patients and those with more severe initial illness were more likely to suffer from the sequelae after one year. This study demonstrated that a sizeable proportion of COVID-19 survivors still experience residual symptoms involving various body systems one year later. There is an urgent need for elucidating the pathophysiologic mechanisms and developing and testing targeted interventions for long-COVID patients.

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Long-Term Sequelae of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of One-Year Follow-Up Studies on Post-COVID Symptoms

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2022.02.003

2022 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway on Cardiovascular Sequelae of COVID-19 in Adults: Myocarditis and Other Myocardial Involvement, Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection, and Return to Play

http://www.clinicalmicrobiologyandinfection.com/article/S1198743X22000386/pdf

Prevalence of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome symptoms at different follow-up periods: a systematic review and meta-analysis

1-year outcomes in hospital survivors with COVID-19: a longitudinal cohort study.

Background The growth of antibiotic resistance to Mycobacterium TB represents a major barrier to the goal of “Ending the global TB epidemics”. This study aimed to develop and validate a simple clinical scoring system to predict the unfavorable treatment outcomes (UTO) in multidrug- and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB) patients. Methods A total of 333 MDR/RR-TB patients were recruited retrospectively. The clinical, radiological and laboratory features were gathered and selected by lasso regression. These variables with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC)>0.6 were subsequently submitted to multivariate logistic analysis. The binomial logistic model was used for establishing a scoring system based on the nomogram at the training set (N = 241). Then, another independent set was used to validate the scoring system (N = 92). Results The new scoring system consists of age (8 points), education level (10 points), bronchiectasis (4 points), red blood cell distribution width-coefficient of variation (RDW-CV) (7 points), international normalized ratio (INR) (7 points), albumin to globulin ratio (AGR) (5 points), and C-reactive protein to prealbumin ratio (CPR) (6 points). The scoring system identifying UTO has a discriminatory power of 0.887 (95% CI=0.835–0.939) in the training set, and 0.805 (95% CI=0.714–0.896) in the validation set. In addition, the scoring system is used exclusively to predict the death of MDR/RR-TB and has shown excellent performance in both training and validation sets, with AUC of 0.930 (95% CI=0.872–0.989) and 0.872 (95% CI=0.778–0.967), respectively. Conclusion This novel scoring system based on seven accessible predictors has exhibited good predictive performance in predicting UTO, especially in predicting death risk.

A Scoring System Based on Laboratory Parameters and Clinical Features to Predict Unfavorable Treatment Outcomes in Multidrug- and Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients

Objective The present study aimed to build and validate a new nomogram-based scoring system for the prediction of HIV drug resistance (HIVDR). Design and methods Totally 618 patients with HIV/AIDS were included. The predictive model was created using a retrospective set (N = 427) and internally validated with the remaining cases (N = 191). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was carried out to fit a model using candidate variables selected by Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression. The predictive model was first presented as a nomogram, then transformed into a simple and convenient scoring system and tested in the internal validation set. Results The developed scoring system consisted of age (2 points), duration of ART (5 points), treatment adherence (4 points), CD4 T cells (1 point) and HIV viral load (1 point). With a cutoff value of 7.5 points, the AUC, sensitivity, specificity, PLR and NLR values were 0.812, 82.13%, 64.55%, 2.32 and 0.28, respectively, in the training set. The novel scoring system exhibited a favorable diagnostic performance in both the training and validation sets. Conclusion The novel scoring system can be used for individualized prediction of HIVDR patients. It has satisfactory accuracy and good calibration, which is beneficial for clinical practice.

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Xianguang Wang

Papers

1-year outcomes in hospital survivors with COVID-19: a longitudinal cohort study.

A Scoring System Based on Laboratory Parameters and Clinical Features to Predict Unfavorable Treatment Outcomes in Multidrug- and Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients

Development and validation of a scoring system for the prediction of HIV drug resistance in Hubei province, China