https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/wps.20773

A meta-review of "lifestyle psychiatry": the role of exercise, smoking, diet and sleep in the prevention and treatment of mental disorders.

The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared a world pandemic due to COVID-19. In response, most affected countries have enacted measures involving compulsory confinement and restrictions on free movement, which likely influence citizens' lifestyles. This study investigates changes in health risk behaviors (HRBs) with duration of confinement. An online cross-sectional survey served to collect data about the Spanish adult population regarding health behaviors during the first 3 weeks of confinement. A large sample of participants (N = 2,741) (51.8% women; mean age 34.2 years [SD 13.0]) from all Spanish regions completed the survey. Binomial logistic regressions adjusted for socioeconomic characteristics (i.e., gender, age, civil status, education, and occupation), body mass index (BMI), previous HRBs, and confinement context (i.e., solitude and exposure to COVID-19) were conducted to investigate associations between the number of weeks confined and a set of six HRBs (physical activity, alcohol consumption, fresh fruit and vegetable consumption, smoking, screen exposure, and sleep hours). When adjusted, we observed significantly lower odds of experiencing a higher number of HRBs than before confinement overall in a time-dependent fashion: OR 0.63; 95% CI: 0.49-0.81 for the second and OR 0.47; 95% CI: 0.36-0.61 for the third week of confinement. These results were equally consistent in all age and gender subgroup analyses. The present study indicates that changes toward a higher number of HRBs than before confinement, as well as the prevalence of each HRB except screen exposure, decreased during the first 3 weeks of COVID-19 confinement, and thus the Spanish adult population may have adapted to the new situational context by gradually improving their health behaviors.

/pdf/covid-19-confinement-and-health-risk-behaviors-in-spain-qbv00xiiaz.pdf

COVID-19 Confinement and Health Risk Behaviors in Spain

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/wps.20771

The clinical characterization of the adult patient with depression aimed at personalization of management

We aimed to evaluate the effects of the COVID-19 lock down on lifestyle in China during the initial stage of the pandemic. A questionnaire was distributed to Chinese adults living in 31 provinces of China via the internet using a snowball sampling strategy. Information on 7-day physical activity recall, screen time, and emotional state were collected between January 24 and February 2, 2020. ANOVA, χ² test, and Spearman’s correlation coefficients were used for statistical analysis. 12,107 participants aged 18–80 years were included. During the initial phase of the COVID-19 outbreak, nearly 60% of Chinese adults had inadequate physical activity (95% CI 56.6%–58.3%), which was more than twice the global prevalence (27.5%, 25.0%–32.2%). Their mean screen time was more than 4 hours per day while staying at home (261.3 ± 189.8 min per day), and the longest screen time was found in young adults (305.6 ± 217.5 min per day). We found a positive and significant correlation between provincial proportions of confirmed COVID-19 cases and negative affect scores (r = 0.501, p = 0.004). Individuals with vigorous physical activity appeared to have a better emotional state and less screen time than those with light physical activity. During this nationwide lockdown, more than half of Chinese adults temporarily adopted a sedentary lifestyle with insufficient physical activity, more screen time, and poor emotional state, which may carry considerable health risks. Promotion of home-based self-exercise can potentially help improve health and wellness.

https://findresearcher.sdu.dk:8443/ws/files/171639577/ijerph_17_05170.pdf

Physical Activity, Screen Time, and Emotional Well-Being during the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak in China

Background The objective of this paper is to describe the exercise and changes in screen time habits, and their relationship with health, among participants of the Canadian Perspectives Survey Series (CPSS). Data and methods Between March 29th and April 3rd 2020, CPSS participants (n = 4,524) reported whether they were exercising outdoors or indoors and whether they increased, decreased or maintained their TV, Internet and video game use. Participants also reported their self-perceived general and mental health. Results More women reported very good or excellent mental health if they were exercising outdoors (54%) compared with those who were not (41%). More women reported very good or excellent general health if they were exercising outdoors (75%) compared with those who were not (49%), with the same trend evident for those exercising indoors (69%) compared to those who were not (62%). More men (65%) and women (62%) rated their mental and general health as very good or excellent if they maintained or decreased TV time compared with those who increased TV time (57% and 43%, respectively), with the same evident for Internet use in women only (maintained/decreased: 61% versus increased: 44%). More men (63%) and women (52%) rated their mental health as very good or excellent if they maintained or decreased video game time compared with those who increased video game time (48% and 29%, respectively). More men and women reported very good or excellent mental and general health if they increased none or one type of screen and/or were exercising outdoors compared with those who increased 2 or 3 types of screens and who were not exercising outdoors, with the exception of general health among men. Discussion Maintaining opportunities for outdoor exercise and limiting screen time may promote better mental and general health during periods of confinement.

Exercise and screen time during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The use of computers/TV has become increasingly common worldwide after entering the twenty-first century and depression represents a growing public health burden. Understanding the association between screen time-based sedentary behavior (ST-SB) and the risk of depression is important to the development of prevention and intervention strategies. We searched the electronic databases of Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library. The odds ratio (OR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was adopted as the pooled measurement. Subgroup analyses were investigated by stratified meta-analyses based on age, gender and reference group (reference category of screen time, e.g. 2 h/day, 4 h/day). There were 12 cross-sectional studies and 7 longitudinal studies met the inclusion criteria. Overall, the pooled OR was 1.28 with high heterogeneity (I2 = 89%). Compared to those who reported less SB, persons reporting more SB had a significantly higher risk of depression. When the gender was stratified, the pooled OR was 1.18 in female groups while no significant association was observed in males. Among the 19 studies, 5 studies used a reference group with ST = 2 h/days (pooled OR = 1.46), 9 studies used ≥4 h as a reference group (pooled OR = 1.38), 2 studies used 1 h as a reference group (pooled OR = 1.07) and for the remaining 3 studies, hours of ST were calculated as a continuous variable (pooled OR = 1.04). ST-SB is associated with depression risk and the effects vary in different populations. In addition, valid objective measures of SB should be developed in future studies.

/pdf/the-associations-between-screen-time-based-sedentary-11lcmpznd4.pdf

The associations between screen time-based sedentary behavior and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Population analysis of 27 Y-chromosomal STRs in the Li ethnic minority from Hainan province, southernmost China.

Hainan island, the second largest island after Taiwan, is located in southernmost China (Fig. S1). According to the 2010 census, the population of Hainan had reached 8.7 million, and the Han made up the largest ethnic group [1]. In the present study, a total of 473 dried bloodstains were collected from unrelated healthy Han men after informed their consent and approval of the Ethical Committee of Hainan Medical University. All participants belonged to families that had lived in the sampling areas for at least three generations. Genomic DNA was isolated from bloodstains according to Chelex-100 protocol described by Walsh et al. [2]. A total of 27 Y-STRs were analyzed, including DYS19, DYS385a/b, DYS387s1a/b, DYS389 I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, DYS448, DYS449, DYS456, DYS458, DYS460, DYS481, DYS518, DYS533, DYS570, DYS576, DYS627, DYS635 and Y_GATA_H4. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using the GoldeneyeTM DNA ID 27YB system (Goldeneye Technology Ltd., Beijing, China) in the Veriti 96 Well Thermal Cycler (Thermofisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instruction. PCR products were separated by capillary electrophoresis in AB 3500 Genetic Analyzer (Thermofisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Control DNA (9948) and ddH2O were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. The GeneMapper ID-X software (Thermofisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) was used for genotype analysis. DNA typing and assignment of nomenclature were following the ISFG recommendations [3]. Allele and haplotype frequencies were estimated by the direct counting method. Gene diversity (GD) was calculated using the following formula: GD= ∑ − − P (1 ) n n i 1 2 , where n and Pi denote the total number of the samples and the relative frequency of the i-th allele, respectively [4]. Haplotype diversity was calculated similarly to GD. Match probability (MP) was determined as MP=∑ Pi, where Pi was the frequency of the haplotype [5,6]. Population pairwise genetic distances (RST) between Hainan and 12 other population data previously submitted to Y-Chromosome STR Haplotype Reference Database (YHRD, http://www.yhrd.org) were measured by analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) and visualized in a multidimensional scaling (MDS) plot in YHRD. Evolutionary analyses were conducted in MEGA7.0 using the Neighbor-Joining (NJ) method. During analyses, all haplotypes with null-alleles and duplicated alleles were removed. The allelic and haplotype frequencies of Hainan Han population are shown in Table S1 and S2, respectively. In this study, 154 different alleles were observed at all loci, and corresponding allelic frequencies ranged from 0.0021 to 0.6237. Twenty-seven Y-STR loci had a high level of genetic polymorphisms, DYS385a/b (GD=0.9611) and DYS387S1a/b (GD=0.9568) on the one hand, and DYS391 (GD=0.4184) and DYS437 (GD=0.4883) on the other marked the extremes of the GD distribution (with the GD values exceeding 0.5). A total of 461 different haplotypes were found in 473 male individuals, of which 450 (97.61%) were unique, 10 were observed twice and 1 was shared by 3 individuals. Different micro variants (partial repeats) were observed at the following four loci: DYS627, DYS449, DYS518 and DYS385. Micro variants 21.2 at DYS627, 33.2 at the DYS449, 36.2 at DYS518, 16.2 at DYS385 were commonly observed in YHRD. In addition, four different triplications (36, 37, 38; 36, 38, 39; 37, 38, 39; and 38, 39, 40) were observed at the DYF387S1 marker. The overall haplotype diversity (HD) was calculated to be 0.9999 with a discrimination capacity (DC) of 0.9746. The results indicated that the GoldeneyeTM DNA ID 27YB system had a high power of discrimination and could be used for paternal lineage identification for the Han group in Hainan province. To achieve extensive illustration of the genetic relationship, Pairwise RST and P value were calculated using AMOVA between Hainan Han and 12 other populations data which had submitted to YHRD [5,7–11]. The pairwise RST and associated P values among 13 populations (Hainan, China [Han], Beijing, China [Han], Chaoshan, China [Han], Guangdong, China [Han], Gansu, China [Tibetan], Guangxi, China [Zhuang], Seoul, South Korea [Korean], Laos [Laotian], Beirut, Lebanon [Lebanese], Cebu, Philippines [Cebuano], Krakow, Poland [Polish], Madrid, Spain [Spanish], Thailand [Thai]) are shown in Table S3. Significant genetic differences were observed between Hainan population and all the other population groups (P values= 0.05/469≈ 0.0001, after Bonferroni’s correction, 469 are the number of the test) except with Guangdong, China [Han] (P value=0.0268). The MDS plot (Fig. S2) and NJ phylogenetic tree (Fig. S3) show this proximity. During the Song dynasty (AD960-1279), in Chinese history, 100,000 of Han people arrived and settled in the north of Hainan. From the 17th to 19th century, Han people from south of China, especially from Guangdong province, migrated to Hainan. These events can explain the similarity found in genetic backgrounds between the two Han populations. Additionally, Hainan Han and Guangdong Han inhabit contiguous geographic regions, which are separated only by the Qiongzhou Strait. Therefore, this close proximity allowed migrations between these two Han populations. Our study also found that Hainan Han relate to Philippines (RST=0.0201, P value=0.0010), but the relationship is slightly. In the further, we will intend to collect more samples and data to study the relationship between Hainan Han and populations from southeast Asian countries. Our laboratory has participated in and passed the YHRD quality control and the population accession number is YA004279 (Hainan, China [Han]). This manuscript follows the new guidelines for publication of population data requested by the journal [12].

Genetic analysis of 27 Y-STR loci in Han population from Hainan province, southernmost China.

The Ong Be language, an important branch of the Tai-Kadai language family, is one of the most distinctive languages on Hainan Island. Ong Be language speakers, who have lived in the Lingao district of Hainan Island for generations, were classified as Han Chinese in the early days of the establishment of the People's Republic of China but have distinct differences from the Han Chinese in language, lifestyle, customs and values and particularly in appearances and features. Currently, Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat (STR) haplotypes have been widely used in genetic applications, such as human forensics, historical investigations and genealogical research. In this study, 487 unrelated male individuals residing in the Lingao district volunteered, and their Y-STR haplotypes were investigated using the Yfiler and Yfiler Plus with 17 and 27 Y-STR loci, respectively. Furthermore, we combined our population data on the Lingao people with existing datasets from Asian nations (East, South and Southeast Asia) to explore the genetic variance and relationships with Han Chinese from different administrative regions in Northern and Southern China and Chinese ethnic minorities officially recognized by the PRC. Population comparisons demonstrated that the Lingao people had distant relationships with Asian nations at the national level and had relatively close genetic and linguistic relationships with Hainan Li and Guizhou Gelao, both of whom belong to the Tai-Kadai language family. The present results increase our understanding of the genetic relationships between the Lingao people and other groups, and further research in genetics and other areas is still needed to trace the origin of the Lingao people.

The evaluation of forensic characteristics and the phylogenetic analysis of the Ong Be language-speaking population based on Y-STR.

In the present study, population data of 19 autosomal STR loci included in the Goldeneye™ DNA ID System 20A in 653 Li individuals was obtained and population genetic relationships among 13 populations were investigated. MDS and phylogenetic analysis suggested that the Hainan Li population kept a close genetic relationship with the Chinese Han populations, especially for Southern Han populations (Guangdong Han, Sichuan Han, and Hunan Han). Our results indicated that the 19 autosomal STRs are highly discriminative and polymorphic in the Hainan Li population suitable for personal forensic identification and paternity testing.

Xiao Wang

Papers

The associations between screen time-based sedentary behavior and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Population analysis of 27 Y-chromosomal STRs in the Li ethnic minority from Hainan province, southernmost China.

Genetic analysis of 27 Y-STR loci in Han population from Hainan province, southernmost China.

The evaluation of forensic characteristics and the phylogenetic analysis of the Ong Be language-speaking population based on Y-STR.

Population data of 19 autosomal STR loci in the Li population from Hainan Province in southernmost China.