Fuzzy Petri nets for knowledge representation and reasoning

It is known to all that mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is more vulnerable to all sorts of malicious attacks which affects the reliability of data transmission because the network has the characteristics of wireless, multi-hop, etc. We put forward novel approach of distributed & adaptive trust metrics for MANET in this paper. Firstly, the method calculates the communication trust by using the number of data packets between nodes, and predicts the trust based on the trend of this value, and calculates the comprehensive trust by considering the history trust with the predict value; then calculates the energy trust based on the residual energy of nodes and the direct trust based on the communication trust and energy trust. Secondly, the method calculates the recommendation trust based on the recommendation reliability and the recommendation familiarity; adopts the adaptive weighting, and calculates the integrate direct trust by considering the direct trust with recommendation trust. Thirdly, according to the integrate direct trust, considering the factor of trust propagation distance, the indirect trust between nodes is calculated. The feature of the proposed method is its ability to discover malicious nodes which can partition the network by falsely reporting other nodes as misbehaving and then proceeds to protect the network. Simulation experiments and tests of the practical applications of MANET show that the proposed approach can effectively avoid the attacks of malicious nodes, besides, the calculated direct trust and indirect trust about normal nodes are more conformable to the actual situation.

Novel approach of distributed & adaptive trust metrics for MANET

Internet of Things (IoT) creates a world where smart objects and services interacting autonomously. Taking into account the dynamic-heterogeneous characteristic of interconnected devices in IoT, demand for a trust model to guarantee security, authentication, authorization, and confidentiality of connected things, regardless of their functionality, is imperative. However, as far as we know, against the centrality of trust-based recommendation mechanisms in the IoT environment, there is no ambient study for investigating its techniques. In this paper, we present a systematic literature review (SLR) of trust based IoT recommendation techniques so far. Detailed classifications based on extracted parameters as well as investigation existing techniques in three different IoT layers put forth. Moreover, the advantages, disadvantages and open issues of each approach are introduced that can expand more frontier in obtaining accurate IoT recommendation in the future.

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Trust-based recommendation systems in Internet of Things: a systematic literature review

The rapidly developing ad-hoc network technology has a wide range of applications, such as vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs), wireless sensor networks (WSNs), and emergency and military communications. Due to the characteristics such as openness and dynamic topology, ad-hoc networks suffer from various attacks in the data plane. Even worse, some attacks can subvert or bypass the frequently used identity-based security mechanisms. To secure the data plane of ad-hoc networks, we propose a novel trust management system. In the system, fuzzy logic is employed to formulate imprecise empirical knowledge, which is used to evaluate the path trust value. Together with fuzzy logic, graph theory is adopted to build a novel trust model for calculating the node trust value. To defend against increasing attacks to trust management systems, such as slandering and harboring, we propose a filtering algorithm. An efficient trustworthiness decay method is also designed to resolve the conflict about the decaying historical trust value in a trust-based routing decision. Additionally, we present a feasible trust factor collection approach to assure that the trust management system is compatible with other security primitives, such as encryption and encapsulation. Finally, we implement the proposed trust management system by integrating it into the optimized link state routing (OLSR) protocol. Simulation results show that the proposed trust management system works well in detecting and resisting data-plane attacks.

A Trust Management System for Securing Data Plane of Ad-Hoc Networks

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) provide self-organized wireless multihop transmission, where nodes cooperate with each other to support data communication. However, malicious nodes may intercept or discard data packets, which might interfere with the transmission process and cause privacy leakage. We consider historical interaction data of nodes as an important factor of trust. Thus, this paper focuses on the trust node management of VANETs, which aims to quantify node credibility as an assessment method and avoid assigning malicious nodes. First, the integrated trust of each node is proposed, which consists of the direct trust and the recommended trust. The former is dynamically computed by historical interaction records and Bayesian inference considering penalty factors. The latter defines trust by third-party nodes and their reputation. Second, the process of trust calculation and data communication calls for timeliness. Therefore, we introduce a time sliding window and time decay function to ensure that the latest interaction information has a higher weight. We can sensitively identify malicious nodes and make quick responses. Finally, the experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms bassline methods, especially with respect to the packet delivery ratio and security. 

A Hybrid Approach to Trust Node Assessment and Management for VANETs Cooperative Data Communication: Historical Interaction Perspective

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a kind of infrastructure-less wireless network that is self-organized by mobile nodes communicating with each other freely and dynamically. MANET can be applied to many fields, such as emergency communications after disaster, intelligent transportation, and Internet of things. With the rapid development of wireless network applications, MANET will become dense and large because more and more mobile devices are required to be interconnected. The optimized link state routing (OLSR) protocol is an efficient proactive routing protocol which is very suitable for such dense and large-scale MANET. However, in both data plane and routing plane, OLSR-based MANET suffers from many serious security threats which are difficult to resist via traditional security mechanisms. In this paper, we propose a trust based routing mechanism to alleviate this issue. In this mechanism, a trust reasoning model based on fuzzy Petri net is presented to evaluate trust values of mobile nodes. In addition, to avoid malicious or compromised nodes, a trust based routing algorithm is proposed to select a path with the maximum path trust value among all possible paths. Then we extend OLSR by using the proposed trust model and trust based routing algorithm, called FPNT-OLSR. For the implementation of FPNT-OLSR, we design a trust factor collecting method and an efficient trust information propagating method, which do not generate extra control messages. Simulation results show that FPNT-OLSR is very effective in establishing secure routes. It also performs better than existing trust based OLSR protocols in terms of packet delivery ratio, average latency and overhead.

Trust based routing mechanism for securing OSLR-based MANET

The severity and number of attacks on computer networks are rapidly increasing. Most existing security solutions concentrate on resisting one or several attacks. We propose an integrated router security framework, called TrustR. It is able to defend against various types of attacks. TrustR integrates collaborating security primitives including cryptography based security mechanisms, trust management system, and trusted platform module. A simple but efficient method for detecting deceptive routing messages is also proposed. The deployment of TrustR is introduced. Simulation results show that TrustR is effective in resisting attacks and improving network performance.

TrustR: An Integrated Router Security Framework for Protecting Computer Networks

The Network Mobility (NEMO) Basic Support protocol enables support for network mobility for MIPv6 networks, and multihoming technology provides support for multiple mobile routers (MRs) in one mobile network. Due to the critical role in acting as a gateway, the MR is particular vulnerable to various internal and external attacks, even being penetrated and controlled. The mobile nodes (MNs) attaching to a malicious or compromised MR will be under serious security threats. To protect the security of mobile nodes, we propose an efficient trusted MR selection mechanism in which a membership-clouds based trust model is presented for evaluating the trustworthiness of MRs. In the trust mechanism, most of the trust management tasks are assigned to the home agent (HA) that is a fixed router to save the resources and energies of mobile nodes. Simulation results show the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed mechanism.

Xiaoping Li

Papers

Trust based routing mechanism for securing OSLR-based MANET

TrustR: An Integrated Router Security Framework for Protecting Computer Networks

An Efficient Trusted Mobile Router Selection Mechanism for Multihomed NEMO Network