Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, receiving, by a feed point of a dielectric antenna, electromagnetic waves from a dielectric core coupled to the feed point without an electrical return path, where at least a portion of the dielectric antenna comprises a conductive surface, directing, by the feed point, the electromagnetic waves to a proximal portion of the dielectric antenna, and radiating, via an aperture of the dielectric antenna, a wireless signal responsive to the electromagnetic waves being received at the aperture. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Method and apparatus for coupling an antenna to a device

A distributed antenna and backhaul system provide network connectivity for a small cell deployment. Rather than building new structures, and installing additional fiber and cable, embodiments described herein disclose using high-bandwidth, millimeter-wave communications and existing power line infrastructure. Above ground backhaul connections via power lines and line-of-sight millimeter-wave band signals as well as underground backhaul connections via buried electrical conduits can provide connectivity to the distributed base stations. An overhead millimeter-wave system can also be used to provide backhaul connectivity. Modules can be placed onto existing infrastructure, such as streetlights and utility poles, and the modules can contain base stations and antennas to transmit the millimeter-waves to and from other modules.

Backhaul link for distributed antenna system

A distributed antenna system is provided that frequency shifts the output of one or more microcells to a 60 GHz or higher frequency range for transmission to a set of distributed antennas. The cellular band outputs of these microcell base station devices are used to modulate a 60 GHz (or higher) carrier wave, yielding a group of subcarriers on the 60 GHz carrier wave. This group will then be transmitted in the air via analog microwave RF unit, after which it can be repeated or radiated to the surrounding area. The repeaters amplify the signal and resend it on the air again toward the next repeater. In places where a microcell is required, the 60 GHz signal is shifted in frequency back to its original frequency (e.g., the 1.9 GHz cellular band) and radiated locally to nearby mobile devices.

Remote distributed antenna system

Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, a device that facilitates transmitting electromagnetic waves along a surface of a wire that facilitates delivery of electric energy to devices, and sensing a condition that is adverse to the electromagnetic waves propagating along the surface of the wire. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Method and apparatus for sensing a condition in a transmission medium of electromagnetic waves

Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, a system for detecting a fault in a first wire of a power grid that affects a transmission or reception of electromagnetic waves that transport data and that propagate along a surface of the first wire, selecting a backup communication medium from one or more backup communication mediums according to one or more selection criteria, and redirecting the data to the backup communication medium to circumvent the fault. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Method and apparatus that provides fault tolerance in a communication network

A method, a system and an evolved NodeB (eNB) apparatus for implementing inter-eNB switch are disclosed in the present invention. The method includes: when a user equipment switches from a source-side eNB to a target-side eNB, if the target-side eNB acquires via the Mobility Management Entity (MME) that the Serving Gateway (S-GW) has changed, the target-side eNB adds the new route relation of the S-GW and then updates the General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Tunnelling Protocol User Plane (GTP-U) entity. The present invention can effectively solve the problem of the uplink data packet loss due to the time difference existing between the update to the Tunnel Endpoint Identifier (TEID) and the routing table by the eNB when inter-eNB switch is performed via X2 and the S-GW has changed, thus enhancing the user experience during the switch.

Method, system and evolved NodeB apparatus for implementing inter-evolved NodeB handover

The invention discloses a method, a system and a base station device used for base station switching. The method in the invention comprises the steps of adding a new S-GW (Serving Gateway) routing relationship and then updating a GTP-U (GPRS Tunnelling Protocol User Plane) entity if an eNB (Evolved NodeB) on a target side learns that the S-GW (Serving Gateway) is changed through an MME (Mobility Management Entity) when a piece of user equipment switches from an eNB on a source side to an eNB on the target side. The invention effectively solves the problems of uplink packet loss caused by difference in time of the eNB to update an TEID (Tunnel End Point Identifier) and a routine table when the switching among base stations is carried out through an X2 and the S-GW is changed as well.. Thus, the user experience in the switching process is improved.

Xintai Wang

Papers

Method, system and evolved NodeB apparatus for implementing inter-evolved NodeB handover

A method, a system and a base station device used for base station switching