The growth rates of bainite plates in an Fe-C-Mn-Si superbainitic steel were investigated by in situ observation. The lengthening rates of ferrite bainite during both cooling and isothermal holding processes were observed and the growth rates of bainite plates nucleating at grain boundaries, within grains and on preformed bainite were measured. It is indicated that the lengthening rates of bainite plates during the cooling and isothermal processes were different, and that the growth rates of bainite plates nucleating at different types of sites also demonstrated diversity. The bainite plates initiating at grain boundaries during cooling grew the fastest, while the plates nucleating on preformed bainite did the slowest. However, the growth rate of the bainite plates nucleating at grain boundaries during isothermal transformation decreased the most, whereas the bainite plates initiating within grains grew the fastest. In addition, the growth rate of ferrite bainite in the study supported the diffusion transformation mechanism of bainite from the viewpoint of growth rate.

In situ measured growth rates of bainite plates in an Fe-C-Mn-Si superbainitic steel

Broadly neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) such as those generated in chronic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection are considered a key component for an effective HIV-1 vaccine. Here, we measured NAb responses using a panel of 25 Env-pseudotyped viruses, including clade B, C, A, CRF07_BC and CRF01_AE strains, against plasma samples from 103 subjects in a former plasma donor cohort in central China, who were infected with HIV-1 clade B′ for at least 10 years and naive to antiretroviral therapy at the time of sampling. We found that 64 % of samples (n = 66) neutralized at least half of the viruses tested and 2 % (n = 2) neutralized all of the viruses, while 5 % (n = 5) neutralized none of the viruses tested. Strikingly, 29 % of plasma samples (n = 30) neutralized >80 % of the viral strains tested, indicating the presence of broadly reactive NAbs in these patients. When the magnitude (geometric mean ID50 titres, GMTs) or breadth of neutralization was assessed for correlation with CD4 count or plasma viral load, the only significant positive correlations were observed between viral load and neutralization magnitude (r = 0.2189, P = 0.0263) and between viral load and neutralization breadth (r = 0.1970, P = 0.0461). A moderate difference between progressors and long-term non-progressors was observed in both the breadth (P = 0.0316) and the potency (P = 0.0300). A significant difference was found in the GMTs between intra-clade and inter-clade strains (P<0.001). Heat-map analysis based on k-means clustering of plasma determined a statistically stable cluster of plasma with cross-reactive and potent neutralizing reactivity. These samples could provide physical biomaterials for further virological and serological studies from which useful insights into rational HIV-1 vaccine development and therapeutic design might be derived.

Profiles of neutralizing antibody response in chronically human immunodeficiency virus type 1 clade B'-infected former plasma donors from China naive to antiretroviral therapy.

Distribution of rare earth elements in the pilot-scale processing of fly ashes derived from eastern Kentucky coals: Comparisons of the feed and processed ashes

The microstructures and properties of hot-rolled low-carbon ferritic steel have been investigated by optical microscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and tensile tests after isothermal transformation from 600°C to 700°C for 60 min. It is found that the strength of the steel decreases with the increment of isothermal temperature, whereas the hole expansion ratio and the fraction of high-angle grain boundaries increase. A large amount of nanometer-sized carbides were homogeneously distributed throughout the material, and fine (Ti, Mo)C precipitates have a significant precipitation strengthening effect on the ferrite phase because of their high density. The nanometer-sized carbides have a lattice parameter of 0.411–0.431 nm. After isothermal transformation at 650°C for 60 min, the ferrite phase can be strengthened above 300 MPa by precipitation strengthening according to the Ashby-Orowan mechanism.

Mechanical properties and characteristics of nanometer-sized precipitates in hot-rolled low-carbon ferritic steel

Trace element arsenic is detrimental to the quality and properties of steel products. We used lanthanum to modify the distribution of arsenic by the formation of arsenic rare earth inclusions and investigated all inclusions on the full profile of the ingots prepared in the laboratory. The results show that the addition of lanthanum has dramatically influenced the distribution of arsenic in the ingots by the formation of arsenic inclusions. The arsenic inclusions turn out to be mainly the cluster-shaped La-S-As, as well as its composite inclusions combined with LaS and La-As. La-S-As can be considered a solid solution of LaS and LaAs. They distribute mainly at the top surface of the ingots within 3 mm, at the side and bottom surfaces within 1.5 mm, leading to a dramatic decrease of arsenic concentration at the inner part of the ingots. This distribution characteristic of La-S-As can be used to manufacture steel ingots with very low arsenic concentration by peeling off these (La-S-As)-containing layers. On the contrary, the distribution of composite inclusions (La-S-As)-(La-As) and single-phase La-As, is uniform. Except for the reaction with arsenic, lanthanum can also react with phosphorous and antimony to modify the existing state of these trace elements.

https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/10/1/146/pdf

Distribution of Arsenic Inclusions in Rare Earth Steel Ingots

Grain boundary segregation of minor arsenic and nitrogen at elevated temperatures in a microalloyed steel

一个新奇散开夫妇方法被用来调查砷的接口散开进 Nb-Ti microalloyed 在接口的阶段转变上的低碳钢和它的效果。砷的内容在高温度在谷物生长和阶段转变上有大效果，这被发现。砷内容是什么时候仅仅 1wt% ，没有明显的谷物生长和没有明显的铁酸盐在散开接口形成的过渡区域。然而，当砷内容是不亚于 5wt% 时，谷物很快成长。另外，在在热滚动的进程的散开接口的过渡的层形式，它源于更慢的散开在铁酸盐比碳的砷原子评估的充实砷的铁酸盐。

A method to study interface diffusion of arsenic into a Nb-Ti microalloyed low carbon steel

在农民之中的背景 Unregulated 商业血 / 血浆收集在华中在 1992 和 1995 之间发生了并且在中国引起了人的免疫不全病毒类型 1 流行的第二个学生(HIV-1 ) 感染。它对 characterizeHIV-1-infected 前者献血者并且到为未来与疾病前进联系的学习特征重要临床的干预和疫苗的开发。代表性的研究在 HIV-1-infected 以前的献血者(FBD ) 和匹配年龄的 HIV-seronegative 本地居民上被执行的方法。人口统计、流行病、临床、关键的实验室数据从所有学习参加者被收集。unadjusted 并且多调整了变量线性回归被采用与另外的特征分析 CD4~+T 房间计数的减少的协会。ResultsTwo 194 HIV-1-infected FBD 和 59 个匹配年龄的 HIV-seronegative 本地居民在这研究被注册。unregulated 血 / 血浆收集以前多于一十年(10.8 -12.8 年) 发生了，它与丙肝病毒引起了 HIV-1 感染和高流行 ofco 感染的快速的传播(HCV， 89.5%) ；肝炎 B 病毒(HBV ) 合作感染在 11 个仅仅 HIV~+ 参加者(3.7%) 被观察。在临床的表明和实验室参数和病毒的负担的增加的恶化与 CD4~+ T-cellcounts 的减少同时被观察。全部的淋巴细胞的减少数( P < 0.001 )并且血红素层次( P < 0.001 )并且皮肤病的外观( P = 0.03 )而，与CD4~+ T-cellcounts 的减少同时被观察病毒的负担( P < 0.001 )并且CD8~+T房间计数( P = 0.01 )相反地与CD4~+T房间计数被联系。有 HCV 然而并非 HBV 的结论合作感染是高度流行的 amongHIV-1-infected FBD。CD4~+T 房间计数是为在 FBDs.Total 淋巴细胞计数，血红素水平和皮肤病的外观之中的疾病前进的可靠指示物断然， whereasCD8~+T 房间计数和病毒的负担相反地与减少的 CD4~+ T-cellcounts 被联系。

Epidemiology, clinical and laboratory characteristics of currently alive HIV-1 infected former blood donors naive to antiretroviral therapy in Anhui Province, China

Voluminous Mesozoic magmatic rocks containing abundant Au-Mo polymetallic mineralization resources are developed in the Xiaoqinling-Xiong’ershan district of the southern margin of the North China Craton (NCC). The widely distributed intrusions are mainly of intermediate-acidic in composition and formed during the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous (Ding et al., 2011; Hu et al., 2012; Li N et al., 2012; Mao et al., 2010; Zhao et al., 2012). Previous studies on representative Late Triassic -early Early Cretaceous plutons such as the Laoniushan, Fangshanyu, Wenyu and Niangniangshan granites in the western and northern regions of the XiaoqinlingXiong’ershan district have revealed that they are characterized by high Sr/Y ratios and thus indicate the existence of thickened crust under compressional setting beneath the Xiaoqinling-Xiong’ershan district prior to ca. 130 Ma (Hu et al., 2012; Zhao et al., 2012). However, precise timing of the tectonic transformation of the lithosphere from compression to extension remain unclear. Here, the detailed petrography and new zircon U-Pb ages and Hf isotope as well as whole rock geochemistry and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes are presented for the Laojunshan pluton, with the aim toinvestigate their petrogenesis, and to further constrain the geodynamic process of the lithosphere evolution in the southern margin of the NCC.

Petrogenesis of the Early Cretaceous Laojunshan monzogranite at the southern margin of the North China Craton: Constrains on the transition of the tectonic regime

Xu

Papers

Grain boundary segregation of minor arsenic and nitrogen at elevated temperatures in a microalloyed steel

A method to study interface diffusion of arsenic into a Nb-Ti microalloyed low carbon steel

Epidemiology, clinical and laboratory characteristics of currently alive HIV-1 infected former blood donors naive to antiretroviral therapy in Anhui Province, China

Petrogenesis of the Early Cretaceous Laojunshan monzogranite at the southern margin of the North China Craton: Constrains on the transition of the tectonic regime