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Table Of Integrals Series And Products

Massive multiple-input multiple-output MIMO is one of themost promising technologies for the next generation of wirelesscommunication networks because it has the potential to providegame-changing improvements in spectral efficiency SE and energyefficiency EE. This monograph summarizes many years ofresearch insights in a clear and self-contained way and providesthe reader with the necessary knowledge and mathematical toolsto carry out independent research in this area. Starting froma rigorous definition of Massive MIMO, the monograph coversthe important aspects of channel estimation, SE, EE, hardwareefficiency HE, and various practical deployment considerations.From the beginning, a very general, yet tractable, canonical systemmodel with spatial channel correlation is introduced. This modelis used to realistically assess the SE and EE, and is later extendedto also include the impact of hardware impairments. Owing tothis rigorous modeling approach, a lot of classic "wisdom" aboutMassive MIMO, based on too simplistic system models, is shownto be questionable.

https://www.nowpublishers.com/article/DownloadSummary/SIG-093

Massive MIMO Networks: Spectral, Energy, and Hardware Efficiency

Multiple antenna technologies have attracted much research interest for several decades and have gradually made their way into mainstream communication systems. Two main benefits are adaptive beamforming gains and spatial multiplexing, leading to high data rates per user and per cell, especially when large antenna arrays are adopted. Since multiple antenna technology has become a key component of the fifth-generation (5G) networks, it is time for the research community to look for new multiple antenna technologies to meet the immensely higher data rate, reliability, and traffic demands in the beyond 5G era. Radically new approaches are required to achieve orders-of-magnitude improvements in these metrics. There will be large technical challenges, many of which are yet to be identified. In this paper, we survey three new multiple antenna technologies that can play key roles in beyond 5G networks: cell-free massive MIMO, beamspace massive MIMO, and intelligent reflecting surfaces. For each of these technologies, we present the fundamental motivation, key characteristics, recent technical progresses, and provide our perspectives for future research directions. The paper is not meant to be a survey/tutorial of a mature subject, but rather serve as a catalyst to encourage more research and experiments in these multiple antenna technologies.

/pdf/prospective-multiple-antenna-technologies-for-beyond-5g-m5fvfgltfg.pdf

Prospective Multiple Antenna Technologies for Beyond 5G

Cell-free (CF) massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems have a large number of individually controllable antennas distributed over a wide area for simultaneously serving a small number of user equipments (UEs). This solution has been considered as a promising next-generation technology due to its ability to offer a similar quality of service to all UEs despite its low-complexity signal processing. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey of CF massive MIMO systems. To be more specific, the benefit of the so-called channel hardening and the favorable propagation conditions are exploited. Furthermore, we quantify the advantages of CF massive MIMO systems in terms of their energy- and cost-efficiency. Additionally, the signal processing techniques invoked for reducing the fronthaul burden for joint channel estimation and for transmit precoding are analyzed. Finally, the open research challenges in both its deployment and network management are highlighted.

/pdf/cell-free-massive-mimo-a-new-next-generation-paradigm-3123g8nq85.pdf

Cell-Free Massive MIMO: A New Next-Generation Paradigm

Nowadays, mmWave MIMO systems are favorable candidates for 5G cellular systems. However, a key challenge is the high power consumption imposed by its numerous RF chains, which may be mitigated by opting for low-resolution ADCs, while tolerating a moderate performance loss. In this article, we discuss several important issues based on the most recent research on mmWave massive MIMO systems relying on low-resolution ADCs. We discuss the key transceiver design challenges, including channel estimation, signal detector, channel information feedback and transmit precoding. Furthermore, we introduce a mixed-ADC architecture as an alternative technique of improving overall system performance. Finally, the associated challenges and potential implementations of the practical 5G mmWave massive MIMO system with ADC quantizers are discussed.

/pdf/on-low-resolution-adcs-in-practical-5g-millimeter-wave-is144telbe.pdf

On Low-Resolution ADCs in Practical 5G Millimeter-Wave Massive MIMO Systems

The practical deployment of massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) in the future fifth generation (5G) wireless communication systems is challenging due to its high-hardware cost and power consumption. One promising solution to address this challenge is to adopt the low-resolution analog-to-digital converter (ADC) architecture. However, the practical implementation of such architecture is challenging due to the required complex signal processing to compensate the coarse quantization caused by low-resolution ADCs. Therefore, few high-resolution ADCs are reserved in the recently proposed mixed-ADC architecture to enable low-complexity transceiver algorithms. In contrast to previous works over Rayleigh fading channels, we investigate the performance of mixed-ADC massive MIMO systems over the Rician fading channel, which is more general for the 5G scenarios like Internet of Things. Specially, novel closed-form approximate expressions for the uplink achievable rate are derived for both cases of perfect and imperfect channel state information (CSI). With the increasing Rician K-factor, the derived results show that the achievable rate will converge to a fixed value. We also obtain the power-scaling law that the transmit power of each user can be scaled down proportionally to the inverse of the number of base station (BS) antennas for both perfect and imperfect CSI. Moreover, we reveal the tradeoff between the achievable rate and the energy efficiency with respect to key system parameters, including the quantization bits, number of BS antennas, Rician K-factor, user transmit power, and CSI quality. Finally, numerical results are provided to show that the mixed-ADC architecture can achieve a better energy-rate tradeoff compared with the ideal infinite-resolution and low-resolution ADC architectures.

Performance Analysis of Mixed-ADC Massive MIMO Systems over Rician Fading Channels

The practical deployment of massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) in future fifth generation (5G) wireless communication systems is challenging due to its high hardware cost and power consumption. One promising solution to address this challenge is to adopt the low-resolution analog-to-digital converter (ADC) architecture. However, the practical implementation of such architecture is challenging due to the required complex signal processing to compensate the coarse quantization caused by low-resolution ADCs. Therefore, few high-resolution ADCs are reserved in the recently proposed mixed-ADC architecture to enable low-complexity transceiver algorithms. In contrast to previous works over Rayleigh fading channels, we investigate the performance of mixed-ADC massive MIMO systems over the Rician fading channel, which is more general for the 5G scenarios like Internet of Things (IoT). Specially, novel closed-form approximate expressions for the uplink achievable rate are derived for both cases of perfect and imperfect channel state information (CSI). With the increasing Rician $K$-factor, the derived results show that the achievable rate will converge to a fixed value. We also obtain the power-scaling law that the transmit power of each user can be scaled down proportionally to the inverse of the number of base station (BS) antennas for both perfect and imperfect CSI. Moreover, we reveal the trade-off between the achievable rate and energy efficiency with respect to key system parameters including the quantization bits, number of BS antennas, Rician $K$-factor, user transmit power, and CSI quality. Finally, numerical results are provided to show that the mixed-ADC architecture can achieve a better energy-rate trade-off compared with the ideal infinite-resolution and low-resolution ADC architectures.

The massive amounts of machine-type user equipments (UEs) will be supported in the future fifth generation (5G) networks. However, the potential large random access (RA) delay calls for a new RA scheme and for a detailed assessment of its performance. Motivated by the key idea of non-orthogonal multiple access, the non-orthogonal RA (NORA) scheme based on successive interference cancellation (SIC) is proposed in this paper to alleviate the access congestion problem. Specifically, NORA utilizes the difference of time of arrival to identify multiple UEs with the identical preamble, and enables power domain multiplexing of collided UEs in the following access process, while the base station performs SIC based on the channel conditions obtained through preamble detection. Our analysis shows that the performance of the NORA is superior to the conventional orthogonal RA (ORA) scheme in terms of the preamble collision probability, access success probability, and the throughput of RA. Simulation results verify our analysis and further show that our NORA scheme can improve the number of the supported UEs by more than 30%. Moreover, the number of preamble transmissions and the access delay for successfully accessed UEs are also reduced significantly by using the proposed RA scheme.

Non-Orthogonal Random Access for 5G Networks

The fluctuating two-ray (FTR) fading model provides a much better fit than other fading models for small-scale fading measurements in millimeter wave communications. In this paper, using a mixture of gamma distributions, new exact analytical expressions for the probability density and cumulative distribution functions of the FTR distribution with arbitrary fading parameters are presented. Moreover, the performance of digital communication systems over the FTR fading channel is evaluated in terms of the channel capacity and the bit error rate. The interaction between channel fading parameters and system performance is further investigated. Our newly derived results extend and complement previous knowledge of the FTR fading model.

Xu Li

Papers

On Low-Resolution ADCs in Practical 5G Millimeter-Wave Massive MIMO Systems

Performance Analysis of Mixed-ADC Massive MIMO Systems over Rician Fading Channels

Performance Analysis of Mixed-ADC Massive MIMO Systems over Rician Fading Channels

Non-Orthogonal Random Access for 5G Networks

New Results on the Fluctuating Two-Ray Model With Arbitrary Fading Parameters and Its Applications