Chronic inflammation can trigger events that would induce the malignant transformation of cells and carcinogenesis. Cytokines play a crucial role and can control the development and multiplication of cancerous cells. However, clinical data present controversy about the participation of these proteins in the establishment and development of cancer. Interleukin 10 (IL-10), a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine, has been the subject of multiple studies. Several studies have reported that IL-10 has pro- and antitumor effects. Elevated levels of IL-10 are associated with increased tumor growth with poor prognosis and drug resistance. However, this cytokine has both tumor-promoting and tumor-inhibiting properties. In vitro and in vivo studies report mechanisms by which IL-10 expression downregulates class I, which results in the control of the metastatic disease. IL-10 also inhibits tumorigenesis via downregulation of other cytokines. The variation observed could be the result of concentration ranges of this protein, genetic polymorphism, or both. The value obtained may serve as a biomarker indicative of tumor development and its prognosis.

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IL10 as Cancer Biomarker

Cytokine production capacity varies among individuals and depends on cytokine gene polymorphisms. Transforming growth factor‐beta 1 (TGF‐β1) plays a significant role in regulating the proliferation and apoptosis of epithelial cells. Interleukin 10 (IL‐10) is an immunoregulatory cytokine with biological functions of anti‐inflammation, immunosuppression, allergy, and anti‐agenesis. The two cytokines are supposed to play an important role in carcinogenesis. The association between cytokine gene polymorphisms with oral cancer (OC) was investigated. We studied the association between the polymorphism in TGF‐β1 (G to C polymorphism at codon 25 <+915>) and IL‐10 (−1082 G/A, ‐819 C/T, and −592 C/A) and the risk of OC in patients (n = 162) and healthy controls (n = 118) in Taiwan. All genotyping experiments were performed using the polymerase chain reaction sequence‐specific primer (PCR‐SSP) method. It was found that the codon 25 GC genotype of TGF‐β1 is significantly higher in frequency in patients with OC compared with a healthy control group (p < 0.0001). People with the GC genotype in codon 25 had an 11.09‐fold increased risk of OC [odds ratio (OR) = 11.09; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 6.16–113.23]. IL‐10 polymorphisms in −819 and −592 positions correlated with the risk of OC (p < 0.0001). The IL‐10 ‐592 C allele‐containing genotypes posed an increased risk of OC (OR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.11–2.91). People with the CT genotype in IL‐10 ‐819 had a 3.32‐fold increased risk of OC (OR = 3.32; 95% CI = 1.64–6.94). The results suggest that polymorphisms in TGF‐β1 and IL‐10 may have a significant influence on the development of OC.

TGF-β1 and IL-10 single nucleotide polymorphisms為台灣人口腔癌之危險因子

Over the past few decades, tremendous advances in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer have taken place. However for head and neck cancers, including oral cancer, the overall survival rate is below 50% and they remain the seventh most common malignancy worldwide. These cancers are, commonly, aggressive, genetically complex, and difficult to treat and the delay, which often occurs between early recognition of symptoms and diagnosis, and the start of treatment of these cancers, is associated with poor prognosis. Cancer development and progression occurs in concert with alterations in the surrounding stroma, with the immune system being an essential element in this process. Despite neutrophils having major roles in the pathology of many diseases, they were thought to have little impact on cancer development and progression. Recent studies are now challenging this notion and placing neutrophils as central interactive players with other immune and tumor cells in affecting cancer pathology. This review focuses on how neutrophils and their sub-phenotypes, N1, N2, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, both directly and indirectly affect the anti-tumor and pro-tumor immune responses. Emphasis is placed on what is currently known about the interaction of neutrophils with myeloid innate immune cells (such as dendritic cells and macrophages), innate lymphoid cells, natural killer cells, and fibroblasts to affect the tumor microenvironment and progression of oral cancer. A better understanding of this dialog will allow for improved therapeutics that concurrently target several components of the tumor microenvironment, increasing the possibility of constructive and positive outcomes for oral cancer patients. For this review, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched for manuscripts using keywords and combinations thereof of “oral cancer, OSCC, neutrophils, TANs, MDSC, immune cells, head and neck cancer, and tumor microenvironment” with a focus on publications from 2018 to 2021.

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The ‘Danse Macabre’—Neutrophils the Interactive Partner Affecting Oral Cancer Outcomes

Background: Inconsistent results have been reported from studies investigating the relationship of the interleukin-10 (IL-10) -1082 G/A polymorphism and the susceptibility of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, a thorough literature review of relatedstudies was performed in this meta-analysis to examine the association of the interleukin-10(IL-10) -1082 G/A poly- morphism with HCC susceptibility.
Methods: Electronic databases were searched for literature on the relationship between interleukin-10(IL-10) -1082 G/A poly- morphism and the risk of HCC in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The selected studies were analyzed using the Stata 12.0 software. Finally, the strength of the associations was evaluated using the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).
Results: A total of six case-control studies were enrolled into the current meta-analysis, which included a total of 911 patients and 1889 control subjects. Our data revealed no association between the IL-10 -1082 G/A polymorphism and the risk of HCC (GG vs AA:OR=0.84, 95%CI=0.57-1.25; AG vs AA:OR=0.85, 95%CI=0.70-1.05; Dominant model: OR=0.85, 95%CI=0.70- 1.03; and Recessive model: OR=0.92, 95%CI = 0.64-1.32). Similarly, no association was found in sub-group analysis based on ethnicity.
Conclusion: The results of our study suggest no association between IL-10 -1082 G/A polymorphism and the risk of HCC.
Keywords: Hepatocellular carcinoma; IL-10 polymorphism; risk analysis.

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Association between the Interleukin-10 -1082 G/A polymorphism and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Role of interleukin-10 (IL-10) promoter polymorphisms in the risk of oral cancer (OC) remains controversial. The present study aimed to explore the relation between IL10 promoter polymorphisms and ...

Role of Interleukin-10 Promoter Polymorphisms in Oral Cancer Susceptibility: A Meta-Analysis.

// Wei Huang 1, * , Juan Song 2, * , Xiao-Wei Jia 3, * , Yin-Xue Chen 1 , Jia Shi 1 , Xun Jiang 3 1 Department of Stomatology, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai 519099, China 2 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China 3 Department of Stomatology, Guangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and West Medicine, Guangzhou 510800, China * Co-first authors Correspondence to: Wei Huang, email: hwdentist@163.com Keywords: interleukin-10, polymorphism, head and neck neoplasms, mouth neoplasms, oropharyngeal neoplasms Received: February 13, 2017      Accepted: March 21, 2017      Published: March 29, 2017 ABSTRACT Background: The association of interleukin-10 rs1800896 polymorphism with head and neck cancer risk and its clinical stages has been investigated by many published studies, but the results remain inconsistent. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis for further investigation. Results: Six case-control studies involving 1,781 head and neck cancer patients and 1,978 controls were yielded. The results indicated an association between rs1800896 polymorphism and increased head and neck risk [odds ratio (95%confidence interval) for G vs. A, GA vs. AA, GG vs. AA, GA+GG vs. AA, and GG vs. AA + GA were 1.63 (1.30–2.04), 3.17 (2.11–4.76), 1.63 (1.17–2.26), 1.73 (1.25–2.39), and 2.73 (1.82–4.09), respectively]. The subgroup analyses all obtained similar results with overall populations. The results of clinical stages yielded a non-significant association. No publication bias was detected. Materials and Methods: The PubMed and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were searched up to December 27, 2016. Two authors independently selected studies, extracted and analyzed the data using the RevMan 5 software. Either a fixed effect or a random effect model was used to estimate pooled odds ratio and its 95% confidence intervals. Conclusions: We concluded that interleukin-10 rs1800896 polymorphism was significantly associated with head and neck cancer risk but not with the clinical stages thereof.

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Interleukin-10 rs1800896 polymorphism is associated with increased head and neck cancer risk but not associated with its clinical stages.

BMPR1B Polymorphisms (rs1434536 and rs1970801) are Associated With Breast Cancer Susceptibility in Northwest Chinese Han Females: A Case-Control Study.

Xun Jiang

Papers

Interleukin-10 rs1800896 polymorphism is associated with increased head and neck cancer risk but not associated with its clinical stages.

BMPR1B Polymorphisms (rs1434536 and rs1970801) are Associated With Breast Cancer Susceptibility in Northwest Chinese Han Females: A Case-Control Study.