The Antibacterial Activity of Honey: 1. The nature of the antibacterial activity

Four different communication problems are addressed in Boolean n-cube configured multiprocessors: (1) one-to-all broadcasting: distribution of common data from a single source to all other nodes; (2) one-to-all personalized communication: a single node sending unique data to all other nodes; (3) all-to-all broadcasting: distribution of common data from each node to all other nodes; and (4) all-to-all personalized communication: each node sending a unique piece of information to every other node. Three communication graphs (spanning trees) for the Boolean n-cube are proposed for the routing, and scheduling disciplines provably optimum within a small constant factor are proposed. With appropriate scheduling and concurrent communication on all ports of every processor, routings based on these two communication graphs offer a speedup of up to n/2, and O( square root n) over the routings based on the spanning binomial tree for cases (2)-(4) respectively. All three spanning trees offer optimal communication times for cases (2)-(4) and concurrent communication on all ports of every processor. Timing models and complexity analysis are verified by experiments on a Boolean-cube-configured multiprocessor. >

Optimum broadcasting and personalized communication in hypercubes

This book provides the most basic problems, concepts, and well-established results from the topological structure and analysis of interconnection networks in the graph-theoretic language. It covers the basic principles and methods of network design, several well-known networks such as hypercubes, de Bruijn digraphs, Kautz digraphs, double loop, and other networks, and the newest parameters to measure performance of fault-tolerant networks such as Menger number, Rabin number, fault-tolerant diameter, wide-diameter, restricted connectivity, and (l,w)-dominating number. Audience: The book is suitable for those readers who are working on or intend to start research in design analysis of the topological structure of interconnection networks, particularly undergraduates and postgraduates specializing in computer science and applied mathematics.

Topological Structure and Analysis of Interconnection Networks

A new hypercube-type structure, the folded hypercube (FHC), which is basically a standard hypercube with some extra links established between its nodes, is proposed and analyzed. The hardware overhead is almost 1/n, n being the dimensionality of the hypercube, which is negligible for large n. For this new design, optimal routing algorithms are developed and proven to be remarkably more efficient than those of the conventional n-cube. For one-to-one communication, each node can reach any other node in the network in at most (n/2) hops (each hop corresponds to the traversal of a single link), as opposed to n hops in the standard hypercube. One-to-all communication (broadcasting) can also be performed in only (n/2) steps, yielding a 50% improvement in broadcasting time over that of the standard hypercube. All routing algorithms are simple and easy to implement. Correctness proofs for the algorithms are given. For the proposed architecture, communication parameters such as average distance, message traffic density, and communication time delay are derived. In addition, some fault tolerance capabilities of this architecture are quantified and compared to those of the standard cube. It is shown that this structure offers substantial improvement over existing hypercube-type networks in terms of the above-mentioned network parameters. >

Properties and performance of folded hypercubes

Department of Biological Sciences, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand Introduction Honey is gaining acceptance by the medical profession for use as an antibacterial agent for the treatment of ulcers and bed sores, and other surface infections resulting from burns and wounds 4,135 . In many cases it is being used with success on infections not responding to standard antibiotic and antiseptic therapy. Its effectiveness in rapidly clearing up infection and promoting healing is not surprising in light of the large number of research findings on its antibacterial activity, covered in Part 1 of this review (Bee World 73(1): 5-28, 1992).

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The antibacterial activity of honey: 2. Variation in the potency of the antibacterial activity

The n-dimensional hypercube is a highly concurrent loosely coupled multiprocessor based on the binary n-cube topology. Machines based on the hypercube topology have been advocated as ideal parallel architectures for their powerful interconnection features. The authors examine the hypercube from the graph-theory point of view and consider those features that make its connectivity so appealing. Among other things, they propose a theoretical characterization of the n-cube as a graph and and show how to map various other topologies into a hypercube. >

Y. Saad

Papers

Topological properties of hypercubes